Chapter 4 Flashcards
This includes the processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify, and coordinate the various processes and project management activities within project management process groups
Project integration management
This includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, communication, and interrelationships
Integration
Project integration happens when
From the start of the project through completion
Project integration includes making choices about
Resource allocation
Balancing competing demands
Examining any alternative approaches
Tailoring processes to meet the project objectives
Managing the interdependencies among project management knowledge areas
What are the project integration management processes
Develop project charter Develop project management plan Direct and manage project work Manage project knowledge Monitor and control project work Perform integrated change control Close project or phase
The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Develop project charter
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all plan components and consolidating them into an integrated project management plan
Develop project management plan
The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project objectives
Direct and manage project work
The process of using existing knowledge and creating new knowledge to achieve the projects objectives and contribute to organizational learning
Manage project knowledge
The process of tracking , reviewing and reporting overall progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan
Monitor and control project work
The process of reviewing all change requests approving changes and managing changes to deliverables organizational process assets project documents and the project management plan and communicating the decisions
Perform integrated change control
The process of finalizing all activities for the project phase or contract
Close project or phase
What’s unique about project integration management
Project integration management cannot be delegated or transferred. It is specific to project managers
Projects and project management is ….by nature
Integrative
The links among the processes in the project management process groups are often
Iterative
This knowledge area requires combining the results from all the other knowledge area
Project integration management knowledge area
What are some evolving trends in integration processes
Use of automated tools I.e. (pmis )
Use of visual management tools
Project knowledge management
Expanding the project managers responsibilities
What are some considerations for tailoring?
Project life cycle Development life cycle Management approaches Knowledge management Change Governance Lessons learned Benefits
Team members determine how plans and components should integrate in what two approaches?
Iterative and agile
The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Developing a project charter
What are the key benefits of developing a project charter
—Provides a direct link between the project and the strategic objectives of the org
- Creates a formal record of the project
- shows the org commitment to the project
What formally initiates projects
A project charter
Projects are initiated due to
Internal business needs or external influences
These are sources of info about the project objectives and how the Project will contribute to the business goals.
—Business case
-Benefits management plan
What’s usually contained in the business case
Cost benefits analysis
Business need
This describes the necessary info from a business standpoint to determine whether the expected outcomes of the project justify the required investment
Business case
The project manager does not update or modify business documents but
May make recommendations
These are defined to define initial intentions for a project
Agreements
This is defined as judgement provided based upon expertise in an application area, knowledge area, discipline, industry etc. as appropriate for the activity being performed
Expert judgement
What are the two pars of brainstorming
Idea generation and analysis
What ways are data gathered for a project charter
Brainstorming
Focus groups
Interviews
What are the interpersonal and team skills used for developing a project charter
Conflict management
Facilitation
Meeting management
The ability to effectively guide a group event to a successful decision, solution, or conclusion
Facilitation
The document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Project charter
Describe what a project charter does
Ensures a common understanding by the stakeholders of the key deliverables, milestones, and the roles and responsibilities of everyone involved in the project
What is the assumption log used for
To record all assumptions and constraints throughout the project lifecycle. I.e. Defining technical specifications Estimates The schedule Risks
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all plan components and consolidating them into an integrated project management plan.
Developing a project management plan
What is the key benefit of developing a project management plan
The production of a comprehensive document that defines the basis of all project work and how the work will be performed
When/how many times is a project management plan developed
Once or at predefined points in a project
This defines how a project is executed, monitored, controlled, and closed
The project management plan
How is a project management plan written..
Summary level or detailed
The project management plan should be baselined meaning…
It is necessary to define at least the project references for scope, time, and cost, so that the project execution can be measured and compared to those references and performance can be managed
Before it’s baselined how many times can a project management plan be updated
As many as need be -no formal process is needed
Once a project management plan is baselined how can an update to plan occur
Changes must go through the perform integrated change control process
When does the project kick off meeting occur
End of planning /the start of executing
Small projects -in the planning process group
Large projects-executing process group
Multi phase projects - kick off meeting at the beginning of each phase
What’s the purpose of the project kick off meeting?
Communicate the objectives of the project, gain commitment of the team for the project, and explain the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder
What’s the scope baseline?
The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure, and its associated WBS dictionary, which is used as a basis for comparison
This describes how the change requests throughout the project will be formally authorized and incorporated,
Change management plan
This describes how the Information about the items of the project (and which) items will be recorded and updated so that the product, service, or result of the project remains consistent and/operative
Configuration management plan
What are management reviews?
hey identify the points in the project when the project manager and relevant stakeholders will review the project progress to determine if performance is as expected, or if preventive or corrective actions are taken
The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the projects objectives
Direct and manage project work
The direct and manage project work process is directly affected by …area
Project application area
How ,any project management processes belong to the planning process group?
24
What is the ongoing refinement of the project management plan called?
Progressive elaboration or rolling wave planning
This process involves the review of the impact of all project changes and the implementation of approved changes
Direct and manage project work
What are some types of changes that might be implemented
Corrective action
Preventive action
Defect repair
During what process is the work performance data collected and communicated to the applicable controlling process for analysis
The project execution process
This contains the status of all change requests
Change log
This is used to improve the performance of the project and to avoid repeating mistakes.the register helps identify where to set rules or guidelines so the teams actions are aligned
Lessons learned register
What is the milestones list?
It shows specific dates or specific milestones
What are project communications
Performance reports, deliverable status, and other information generated by the project
What does a project schedule include?
At least the list of work activities, their durations, resources, and planned start and finish dates
This links product requirements to the deliverables that satisfy them and helps to focus on the final outcomes
Requirements traceability matrix
This provides info on threats and opportunities that may impact project execution
Risk register
This provides info on sources of overall project risk along with summary info on identified individual project risks
Risk report
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase or project
A deliverable
What needs to be applied once the first version of a deliverable has been completed?
Change control
What is work performance data?
Raw observations and measurements identified during activities being performed to carry out the project work
Describe data
The lowest level of detail from which information is derived by other processes
What are so,e examples of work performance data?
- KPIs
- Technical performance measures
- Actual start and finish dates of schedule activities
- story points completed
- deliverable status
- schedule progress
- number of change requests
- number of defects
- actual cost incurred
- actual durations
What’s the project document where all the issues are recorded and tracked?
Issue log
What process group does an issue log become created and what group is it updated
Created -direct and manage project work
Updated-monitor and control
What is a formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline?
Change request
Who can request a change ?
Any project stakeholder
Change request are processed for review and disposition through what process?
Perform integrated change control process
Are change requests initiated from inside or outside the project?
Both
An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan
Corrective action
An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan
Preventive action
An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component
Defect repair
Changes to formally controlled project documents, plans, etc. to reflect modified or additional ideas or content
Updates
What documents might be updated due to a change request being carried out?
Activity list Assumption log Lessons learned register Requirements documentation Risk register Stakeholder register
The process of using existing knowledge and creating new knowledge to achieve the projects objectives and contribute to organizational learning.
Manage project knowledge
When is the manage project knowledge process performed?
Throughout the project
Describe explicit knowledge.
Knowledge that can be readily codified using words, pictures, and numbers
- lacks context
- open to different interpretations
- can be easily shared
- not always understood or applied in the right way
Describe tactic knowledge.
Knowledge that is personal and difficult to express, such as beliefs, insights, experience, and “know-how”
- has context built in
- difficult to codify
- resides in the minds of individual experts or in social groups and situations
- shared through conversations and interactions between people
What are the two types of knowledge, knowledge management is concerned with ?
Tacit and explicit knowledge
What are the two purposes that knowledge management is concerned with managing both tactic and explicit knowledge?
Reusing exiting knowledge and creating new knowledge
What activities underpin creating new knowledge and reusing exciting knowledge ?
Knowledge Sharing and knowledge integration
What is the most important part of knowledge management?
Creating an atmosphere of trust so that people are motivated to share their knowledge
How can a info knowledge tool be enhanced?
By adding an element of interaction i.e. a contact me function
What should knowledge and information management tools and techniques be connected to?
project processes and process owners
The process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting the overall progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan.
Monitor and control project work
When is the monitor and control process performed?
Throughout the project
What’s the key benefit of the monitor and control process?
It allows stakeholders to understand the current state of the project, to recognize the actions taken to address any performance issues, and to have visibility into the future project status with costs and schedule forecasts.
What does monitoring involve?
Collecting, measuring, and assessing measurements and trends to effect process improvements
What does controlling of a project involve?
Determining corrective or preventive actions or replanning and following up on action plans to determine whether the actions taken resolved the performance issue.
How does work performance data become work performance information?
The work performance data is compared with the project management plan components, project documents, and other project variables. This indicates how the project is performing.
Work performance info is intended to generate …..?
Decisions
Actions
Awareness
What are some examples of work performance reports?
Status reports
Progress reports
An intentional activity that modifies a nonconforming product or product component
Defect repair
An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan
Preventive action
An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan
Corrective action
What’s the key benefit of the perform integrated change control?
It allows for documented changes within the project to be considered in an integrated manner while addressing overall project risks, which often arises from changes made without consideration of overall project objectives or plans.
Who can request a change and at what time can a change be requested.
Any stakeholder
At any time in the project lifecycle
When are changes not required to be formally controlled by the perform integrated change control process?
Before baselines are established
How should changes be recorded and where?
In written form and entered into the change management and or configuration management system.
What is CCB , describe it.
Change control board
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, deferring, or rejecting changes to the project and for recording and communicating such decisions.
This provides the direction for managing the control process and documents the roles and responsibilities of the change control board (CCB)
Change management plan
This describes the configurable items of the project and identifies the items that will be recorded and updated so that the product of the project remains consistent and operable.
Configuration management plan
This provides the project and product definition.
Scope baseline
This indicates how the duration, cost, and resources estimates were derived and can be used to calculate the impact of the change in time , budget, and resources.
Basis of estimates
This helps asses the impact of the change on the project scope.
Requirements traceability matrix
What are the work performance reports important for the perform integrated change control process?
Resource availability Schedule data Cost data Earned value reports Burnup charts Burn down charts
Do changes always affect the baseline?
No they may or may not affect the baseline
What are the configuration management activities?
- Identify configuration item
- Record and report configuration item status
- Perform configuration item verification and audit
What is configuration control focused on?
Specifications of the deliverables and the processes
What is change control focused on?
Identifying, documenting, and approving or rejecting changes to the project documents, deliverables, or baselines
What are some change management activities?
- Identify changes
- Document changes
- Decide on changes
- track changes
Where are the roles and responsibilities of the CCB defined?
Change management plan
The process of finalizing all activities for the project, phase, or contract.
Close project or phase
What are the key benefits of the close process?
Info is archived
Planned work is complete
Org team resources are released to pursue new endeavors
This process establishes the procedures to investigate and document the reasons for actions taken if a project is terminated before completion.
The close project or phase process
This technique analyzes the interrelationship between different project variables that contributed to the project outcomes to improve performance on future projects
Regression analysis
This analysis can be used to validate the models used in the organization and to implement adjustments to future projects.
Trend analysis
This analysis can be used to improve the metrics of the organization comparing what was initially planned and the end result
Variance analysis
The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all plan components and coordinating them into an integrated project management plan.
Develop project management plan
