Chapter 8

Question 1

What are the 18 joint movements

Answer 1

Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion 
Circumduction
Rotation
Pronation
Supination
Elevation
Depression
Opposition
Eversion
Inversion
Protraction
Retraction

Question 2

Define abduction and adduction

Answer 2

Abduction-moving parts away from midline (longitudinal axis) medial plane.

Adduction-moving parts towards midline

Question 3

Define flexion and extension

Answer 3

Flexion-bending at a joint so they come closer together

Extension-straightening at a joint so they move apart

Question 4

Define hyperextension

Answer 4

Bending a joint past it’s usual means

Question 5

Define dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Answer 5

Dorsiflexion- moving ankle/wrist so hands/foot comes closer to long bone(up)

Plantar flexion- moving ankle so foot moves away from shin

Question 6

Define rotation and circumduction

Answer 6

Rotation- moving parts around axis. Directed towards or away from midline

Circumduction- moving parts so it’s end follows circular path. Distal end moves in circle. Point remains stable

Consists of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction

Question 7

Define elevation and depression

Answer 7

Elevation-raising superiorly

Depression-lowering inferiorly

Question 8

Define eversion and inversion

Answer 8

Eversion- turning foot so plantar faces laterally

Inversion-turning foot so plantar faces medially

Question 9

Define protraction and retraction

Answer 9

Protraction-moving forward

Retraction-moving backwards

Question 10

Define supination and pronation

Answer 10

Supination - turning hand so palm is up

Pronation- turning hand so palm is down

Question 11

Define opposition

Answer 11

Opposition-involves saddle joint of trapezium and metacarpal (fingers and thumbs together)

Question 12

What are the three general types of movements

Answer 12

Angular
Gliding
Rotational

Question 13

Define angular movements. What plane does it occur in and what are examples

Answer 13

Decrease or increase angle between two bones

Any plane

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction

Question 14

Define gliding movements and where they happen

Answer 14

Flat surface glides/slips over another. Back and forth or side to side.

No major rotation or angulation

Intertarsal and intercarpal joints
Between flat articulated vertebral processes.

Question 15

Define rotational movements and give examples

Answer 15

Turning of bone around long axis.

Hip, shoulder joints
Between 1st to cervical vertebrae

Opposite of medial rotation is lateral rotation