Chapter 1 Flashcards by Claire Murphy

Define anatomy

The study of the structure of body parts and how they’re organised

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Define physiology

The study of how body parts work

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List the systems in the body (11)

Integumentary 
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive

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List organs Of integumentary system

Skin
Sebaceous (oil glands)
Sweat glands
Hair
Nails
Bones

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List the organs of the skeletal system

Bones
Ligaments
Cartilages

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List the organs of the muscular system

Tendons

Muscles

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List the organs of the nervous system

Brain
Spinal cord
Sensory organs
Nerves

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List the organs of the endocrine system (9)

(Ovaries/Testes)
Thyroid/Parathyroid Glands/Thymus
Adrenal/Pineal/Pituitary Glands
Hypothalamus
Pancreas

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List the 7 major body cavities

Cranial
Vertebral
Mediastinum
Pleural
Pericardial
Abdominal
Pelvic

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What are the cranial and vertebral Cavities subcategorised into?

Dorsal cavity

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What are the mediastinum/pleural and pericardial Cavities subcategorised into?

Thoracic

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What are the abdominal and pelvic cavities subcategorised into?

Abdominopelvic cavity

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What is the cavity known as that houses the mediastinum/pleural/pericardial and abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Ventral cavity

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List the organs of the cardiovascular system (5)

Heart
Blood
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins

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List the organs of the lymphatic system (5)

Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph fluid
Spleen
Thymus

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List the organs of the digestive system (14)

Mouth
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Oesophagus
Pharynx
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

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List the organs of the respiratory system (7)

Nose
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Pharynx
Bronchi
Lungs

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List the organs of the urinary system (4)

Kidneys
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Ureters
Penis

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List the organs of the reproductive system F (6)

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Vulva

List the organs of the M reproductive system (9)

Scrotum
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferentia
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Penis
Urethra

Describe contralateral planes

Refers to structures on the opposite side

Describe ipsilateral planes

Structures on the same side

Describe medial planes

Closer to midline

Describe the coronal plane

Divides body into anterior/posterior

Describe the sagittal plane

Divided body right and left (lengthways)

Describe the parasagittal plane

Lateral to midline diving R and L

Describe the transverse plane

Horizontal divided between inferior and superior

What is the name of the membrane that lines the heart

Pericardium (double walled sac)

What is the superficial loose fitting section of the heart known as and what does it do?(3)

Fibrous pericardium. Protects the heart. Connects it to surrounding structures Prevents overfilling of blood

Where is the serous pericardium located?

The inside of the fibrous pericardium

What is the structure of the fibrous pericardium

Thin double layered membrane that forms a closed sac containing the heart

What does the visceral layer of the fibrous pericardium do

Covers external heart surface

What is the visceral layer of the heart known as?

Epicardium

What are the lungs lined with?

Parietal pleura

What are the lungs covered by?

Parietal pleura

What is the space in the lungs called between parietal and visceral pleura

Pleural cavity (no space)

What is the abdominal cavity lined by?

Peritoneal membranes

What do the peritoneal membranes consist of?

Parietal and visceral peritoneum

What do the parietal membranes of abdominal cavity do?

Lines walls

What does the visceral peritoneum of the abdominal cavity do?

Covers each organ

List the 9 abdominal regions

``` Left hypochondriac Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left lumbar Right lumbar Umbilical Left iliac Right iliac Hypogastric ```

Describe anterior plane

Towards front (ventral)

Describe posterior plane

Towards back (dorsal)

What is the coronal plane also known as

Frontal

What is distal referring to

Further from point of attachment to trunk

What is proximal referring to

Closer from point of attachment to trunk

Discuss membranes near heart, lungs and abdominal cavity

Heart surrounded by pericardial membranes. Includes visceral pericardium over hearts surface. Lungs lined with membrane called parietal pleura Lungs covered by membrane called visceral pleura Abdominopelvic cavity lined with peritoneal membranes. Parietal peritoneum lines walls. Visceral peritoneum covers each organ