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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of the structure of body parts and how they’re organised

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The study of how body parts work

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3
Q

List the systems in the body (11)

A 
Integumentary 
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
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4
Q

List organs Of integumentary system

A 
Skin
Sebaceous (oil glands)
Sweat glands
Hair
Nails
Bones
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5
Q

List the organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones
Ligaments
Cartilages

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6
Q

List the organs of the muscular system

A

Tendons

Muscles

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7
Q

List the organs of the nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Sensory organs
Nerves

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8
Q

List the organs of the endocrine system (9)

A 
(Ovaries/Testes)
Thyroid/Parathyroid Glands/Thymus
Adrenal/Pineal/Pituitary Glands
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
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9
Q

List the 7 major body cavities

A 
Cranial
Vertebral
Mediastinum
Pleural
Pericardial
Abdominal
Pelvic
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10
Q

What are the cranial and vertebral Cavities subcategorised into?

A

Dorsal cavity

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11
Q

What are the mediastinum/pleural and pericardial Cavities subcategorised into?

A

Thoracic

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12
Q

What are the abdominal and pelvic cavities subcategorised into?

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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13
Q

What is the cavity known as that houses the mediastinum/pleural/pericardial and abdominal and pelvic cavities?

A

Ventral cavity

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14
Q

List the organs of the cardiovascular system (5)

A 
Heart
Blood
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
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15
Q

List the organs of the lymphatic system (5)

A 
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph fluid
Spleen
Thymus
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16
Q

List the organs of the digestive system (14)

A 
Mouth
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Oesophagus
Pharynx
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
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17
Q

List the organs of the respiratory system (7)

A 
Nose
Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Pharynx
Bronchi
Lungs
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18
Q

List the organs of the urinary system (4)

A 
Kidneys
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Ureters
Penis
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19
Q

List the organs of the reproductive system F (6)

A 
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Clitoris
Vulva
20
Q

List the organs of the M reproductive system (9)

A 
Scrotum
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferentia
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Penis
Urethra
21
Q

Describe contralateral planes

A

Refers to structures on the opposite side

22
Q

Describe ipsilateral planes

A

Structures on the same side

23
Q

Describe medial planes

A

Closer to midline

24
Q

Describe the coronal plane

A

Divides body into anterior/posterior

25
Q

Describe the sagittal plane

A

Divided body right and left (lengthways)

26
Q

Describe the parasagittal plane

A

Lateral to midline diving R and L

27
Q

Describe the transverse plane

A

Horizontal divided between inferior and superior

28
Q

What is the name of the membrane that lines the heart

A

Pericardium (double walled sac)

29
Q

What is the superficial loose fitting section of the heart known as and what does it do?(3)

A

Fibrous pericardium.
Protects the heart.
Connects it to surrounding structures
Prevents overfilling of blood

30
Q

Where is the serous pericardium located?

A

The inside of the fibrous pericardium

31
Q

What is the structure of the fibrous pericardium

A

Thin double layered membrane that forms a closed sac containing the heart

32
Q

What does the visceral layer of the fibrous pericardium do

A

Covers external heart surface

33
Q

What is the visceral layer of the heart known as?

A

Epicardium

34
Q

What are the lungs lined with?

A

Parietal pleura

35
Q

What are the lungs covered by?

A

Parietal pleura

36
Q

What is the space in the lungs called between parietal and visceral pleura

A

Pleural cavity (no space)

37
Q

What is the abdominal cavity lined by?

A

Peritoneal membranes

38
Q

What do the peritoneal membranes consist of?

A

Parietal and visceral peritoneum

39
Q

What do the parietal membranes of abdominal cavity do?

A

Lines walls

40
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum of the abdominal cavity do?

A

Covers each organ

41
Q

List the 9 abdominal regions

A 
Left hypochondriac
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left lumbar 
Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left iliac 
Right iliac
Hypogastric
42
Q

Describe anterior plane

A

Towards front (ventral)

43
Q

Describe posterior plane

A

Towards back (dorsal)

44
Q

What is the coronal plane also known as

A

Frontal

45
Q

What is distal referring to

A

Further from point of attachment to trunk

46
Q

What is proximal referring to

A

Closer from point of attachment to trunk

47
Q

Discuss membranes near heart, lungs and abdominal cavity

A

Heart surrounded by pericardial membranes.
Includes visceral pericardium over hearts surface.

Lungs lined with membrane called parietal pleura
Lungs covered by membrane called visceral pleura

Abdominopelvic cavity lined with peritoneal membranes.
Parietal peritoneum lines walls.
Visceral peritoneum covers each organ

Anatomy And Physiology (20 decks)

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