Chapter 12 Flashcards
Name the 12 cranial nerves OOOTTAFVGVAH
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibolocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
What are the two types of reflexes and how do you describe each
Inborn-intrinsic. Rapid, predictable motor responses to stimuli
Learned-acquired. Develop from repetition over time
What are the five essential components of a reflex
Receptor Sensory neuron Integration centre Motor neuron Effector
What are reflexes functionally classified as.
Describe what each does
Somatic activate skeletal muscle
Autonomic (visceral) activate visceral effectors
What do visceral effectors include and what is the system known as
Smooth or
Cardiac muscle or glands
Autonomic nervous system
What are spinal reflexes
Somatic reflexes controlled by spinal cord without direct involvement of higher brain centres
What can the brain do to spinal reflexes
Negotiate (intercede) due to continuous monitoring
What may occur if the spinal cord is transected
Spinal shock
What tests are used to assess nervous system function
Somatic reflex tests
What does dual innervation do
Helps balance sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
What keeps the systems of the body functioning normally
Counterbalance of divisions due to dual innervation
Divisions of parasympathetic and sympathetic cause what
Opposite effects on same visceral organs
What do cooperative dual innervations involve
Fibres of both systems working together
What else may dual innervations be
Antagonistic
Complementary
In the sympathetic division where do preganglion fibres arise from and what is the other name the division is known as
Cell bodies of preganglion Neurons in spinal cord from level T to L
Thoracolumbar region
The many preganglion sympathetic Neurons in spinal cord gray matter form what
Lateral horns
Where are lateral horns located
Posterolateral to ventral horns
After leaving the spinal cord through the ventral root what then happens
Preganglionic sympathetic fibres pass through a white ramus communicans to enter adjoining sympathetic trunk ganglion that forms part of sympathetic trunk
What does the sympathetic trunks consist of
Sympathetic ganglia and fibres that run from one ganglion to another
Where do sympathetic fibres arise from
Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments
Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion what can happen
It can either synapse at the same, higher or lower levels.
Or synapse In distant collateral ganglion
In the parasympathetic division where do preganglionic fibres emerge from and what else is the parasympathetic region known as
Preganglionic fibres emerge from opp ends of the CNS (brain stem and sacral spinal cord)
Craniosacral division
Where do preganglionic axons extend from and to in parasympathetic division
CNS to nearly reach the structures they innervate
What do parasympathetic divisions axons do
Synapse with postganglionic Neurons in terminal ganglia
