Chapter 5 Flashcards
What are the four major types of tissue
Muscular
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective
Define muscular tissue
Includes muscular walls of hollow organs.
Contractile tissue with filaments of actin and myosin
What are the subtypes of muscular tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Describe Skeletal muscle tissue
Striated voluntary. Multi nucleated peripherally located. Fibres long and cylindrical. Contract when stimulated. Myofilaments control movement.
Describe smooth muscle
Non striated. Involuntary. Shorter than striated
1 nuclei per spindle shaped fibre.
Elongated spindle shaped.
Constricts blood vessels, contracts/relaxes, moves food through digestive tract, empties bladder.
Describe cardiac muscle
Cross striations
Uninucleate located centrally
Thick contractile middle layer of heart wall.
Striations branch and fit together at junctions (intercalated discs)
Contains less connective tissue than skeletal
Define Epithelial tissue
Covers organs
Line hollow organs
Makes up the glands
Form inner linings
Describe Epithelial tissue
Avascular layer of cells: provide protection and regulate permeability.
Contains basement membrane.
Discuss the types and functions of Epithelial tissue
Simple Squamous-diffusion/osmosis/filtration/covering of surfaces.
Covers body cavity membranes
Lines alveoli, blood and lymph vessels
Simple cuboidal-absorption/secretion
Covers ovaries
Lines kidney tubules and glandular ducts
Simple columnar-Protection/absorption/secretion.
Found in F Reproductuve tubes,uterus and digestive tract organs
Pseudostratified columnar-Protection/movement of mucous/secretion
Lines respiratory passages
Stratified cuboidal-Protection
Lines mammary ducts, sweat and salivary glands, developing ovaries, pancreas and seminiferous tubules
Stratified columnar-Protection/secretion
Found in male urethra, ductus deferens, pharynx
Transverse-Protection/distensibility
Lines urinary bladder, ureters, superior urethra.
Prevents urinary tract contents diffusing back into internal body
Glandular-secretion
Found in endocrine and exocrine glands
Name some more functions of Epithelial tissue
Regeneration Absorption Protection Filtration Excretion Sensation Specialised secretions Permeability
Define connective
Bind Support Protect Frame Fill body structures
What are the functions of connective
Provide support and protection. Binds body structures. Create framework. Contains large amount of matrix (ground substance and fibres). Transport fluid and dissolved materials. Repairs damaged tissue. Insulate body. Produce blood cells. Protects body from infection. Store fat for reserve fuel. Fill body spaces.
Define nervous tissue
Neurons
Neuroglia
Neurons are basic structure of neural tissue. Respond to environmental changes by transmitting impulses along axons (cellular processes) to other Neurons, muscles or glands.
Neurons coordinate, integrate regulate wide variety of functions
What are the three basic components of connective tissue
Extra cellular protein fibres.
Specialised cells.
Ground substance.
Explain fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues that contain distinctive collections of cells in fluid matrix. Transport many minerals between inferior body cells and other cells that exchange substances with the external environment and maintain a stable environment
