Chapter 11 Flashcards
Name the primary regions in the brain in adults
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
What is the cerebrum
Divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres making up brain mass
What is the cerebellum
2nd largest portion of brain
Shaped like cauliflower
Process inputs from cerebral motor cortex, brain stem, sensory receptors
Regulates skeletal muscle mvmt
What is the diencephalon
Made up of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Surrounded by cerebral hemispheres and encloses third ventricle
What is the brain stem
Controls autonomic and highly controlled behaviours essential for survival
Describe the locations of the ventricles of the brain
2 large lateral ventricles located in frontal, occipital, temporal lobes
3rd ventricle under corpus callosum in brains midline
4th in brain stem. Joined to 3rd ventricle by narrow aqueduct
What do ventricles contain and what are they continuous with
CSF
Continuous with spinal cord
What are the walls of hollow ventricular chambers lined with
Ependymal cells
Explain the part of the gland that’s connected to the pituitary gland
Infundibulum (stalk of hypothalamic tissue)
Lies between mammillary bodies and optic chiasma.
Infundibulum connects pituitary gland to base of hypothalamus
Describe the functions of the hypothalamus
Mammillary bodies act as a relay station in olfactory pathways
Controls ANS and endocrine system functions
Initiates physical responses to emotions
Acts through ANS pathways to initiate physical expressions
Control body temp
Intake of food, water balance, thirst and sleep wake cycles
Controls hormone secretion from anterior pituitary gland
Produces hormones (anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin)
What is the hypothalamus vital for and what is it
Primary visceral control centre
Vital for homeostasis
Vital for limbic system
What are the functions of the thalamus
Relays info coming into cerebral cortex
Mediates motor activities, sensation, cortical arousal, learning and memory
Afferent impulses reaching the thalamus are recognised as what
Pleasant or unpleasant
What do the thalamic nuclei interpret
Instructions aiding In direction of motor cortical activity from cerebellum and basal nuclei
Describe the centres that control blood pressure and respiration
In brain stem medulla oblongata contains cardiovascular centre
The above includes cardiac centre, vasomotor centre, respiratory centres that control respiration rhythm, rate and depth
Cardiovascular and respiratory centres are in control of BP and respiration
What are the functions of the cerebellum
Processes inputs from cerebral motor cortex, brain stem, sensory receptors
Regulates skeletal muscle movements
Cerebellar activity is subconscious
What are the layers of the meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What is the dura mater, what is it made up of and describe it
Outermost layer. Made up of fibrous, tough, white connective tissue
Has many blood vessels and nerves
Attaches to inside of cranial cavity
Extends inwards between brain lobes to form protective partitions
Has 2 layers of fibrous connective tissue (periosteal and meningeal layers)
What is the arachnoid mater
Thin web like
Lies between dura and pia maters
Describe the pia mater
Has blood vessels and nerves that nourish the brain and spinal cord
Closely aligned with surfaces of these organs
Composed of tiny blood vessels and delicate connective tissue
Bound tightly to brain and convolutions
