Chapter 8

Question 1

Extraneous variables can be controlled by what?

Answer 1

Randomly selecting subjects

Using a homogenous sample

Question 2

Administration of an intervention to one group of subjects and not another is an example of what?

Answer 2

Manipulation of the independent variable

An experimental study

Question 3

A researcher studies the differences in IQ between girls and boys. She tests cohorts of girls and boys in the third grade and then tests the same girls and boys when they are in the sixth grade. Which are threats to internal validity in this study?

Answer 3

Maturation and testing

Question 4

In quantitative research, control is used to avoid what?

Answer 4

Bias

Question 5

Objectivity in the conceptualization of the research question is derived from what?

Answer 5

The review of literature

Question 6

The nurse researcher strives for accuracy in the research design so that what happens?

Answer 6

All aspects of the study logically flow from the research question

Question 7

For large, experimental studies, conducting a pilot study helps the researcher determine what?

Answer 7

Feasibility of the research design

Question 8

The nurse researcher defines control as what?

Answer 8

Holding conditions of the study constant

Question 9

The nurse researcher should strive for subjects to demonstrate homogeneity with respect to which variables?

Answer 9

Extraneous

Question 10

To avoid threats to validity, a researcher must identify, plan for, and control what?

Answer 10

Extraneous variables

Question 11

What must occur for the nurse researcher to randomly select a sample of subjects?

Answer 11

Each subject should have an equal chance of being selected

Question 12

The nurse researcher randomly selects subjects in order to do what?

Answer 12

Eliminate bias

Question 13

Internal validity is important to the nurse researcher because it asks what?

Answer 13

Whether the independent variable really made the change in the dependent variable

Question 14

A research study was under way looking at the frequency of mammograms in perimenopausal women. During the study a celebrity was diagnosed with breast cancer. The effect of this event on the research findings is called what?

Answer 14

History

Question 15

A researcher decides to use six people to help collect data for a quantitative study. What is a potential threat to the internal validity of this study?

Answer 15

Instrumentation