Chapter 10 Pwpt

Question 1

Nonexperimental designs are used when the researcher wishes to?

Answer 1

Examine factors involved in a phenomenon
Explore events, people, or situations (does not manipulate independent variable)
Test relationships and differences among variables

Question 2

What happens in a non experimental design?

Answer 2

Independent variable is not manipulated
Subjects are not randomized
No control group
level IV evidence

Question 3

Non experimental survey studies may be?

Answer 3

Descriptive, exploratory, or comparative surveys

Question 4

Non experimental disadvantages include?

Answer 4

Information is broad
Conducting a survey requires expertise in several research areas
Large scale surveys can be time consuming and costly

Question 5

In a non experimental design, researchers collect detailed descriptions of existing variables such as?

Answer 5

Opinions, facts, attitudes, gender, income, politics, religions, ethnicity, occupations and education level

Question 6

Non experimental survey studies seek to ____ _____ ____ _____ ______ and not attempting to ________ _________

Answer 6

To relate variables to each other….

Determine causation

Question 7

Correlational studies are intended to?

Answer 7

Examine the associations among two or more variables

Show the statistical significance of the relationship (positive or negative)

Question 8

Advantages of correlational studies are?

Answer 8

Increased flexibility
Efficient data collection method
Framework that cannot be manipulated

Question 9

Developmental studies are?

Answer 9

Concerned with the existing status and/or the changes that result over time

Question 10

What are the three types of developmental studies?

Answer 10

Cross sectional studies
Longitudinal (prospective, cohort)
Retrospective (ex post facto, case control)

Question 11

Cross sectional studies do what?

Answer 11

Examine data that is collected only one time

Question 12

Advantages of cross sectional studies?

Answer 12

Less time consuming and less expensive
Large amounts of data can be collected at one point
Maturation is not present

Question 13

Disadvantages of cross sectional studies?

Answer 13

Difficult to establish an in depth assessment

Cannot investigate relationship between variables

Question 14

Longitudinal/prospective/cohort study does what?

Answer 14

Collect data from the same people at different points in time

Question 15

Longitudinal/prospective/cohort advantages?

Answer 15

Each subject serves as their own control
Early trends in the data can be analyzed
Assesses changes in the variables overtime

Question 16

Longitudinal/prospective/cohort disadvantages?

Answer 16

May take long time to collect data
Increased cost, time, effort, money
Testing effects may be a threat
Mortality is a threat

Question 17

Retrospective/ex post facto/case control studies do what?

Ex post facto= from after the fact

Answer 17

Attempts to link present events to events that have occurred in the past

Question 18

An example of a retrospective study is?

Answer 18

A study linking smoking to lung cancer

Question 19

Advantages of retrospective studies

Answer 19

Higher level of control than correlational studies

More practical than longitudinal studies

Question 20

Disadvantages of retrospective studies

Answer 20

Causality cannot be inferred

Extraneous variables are a major threat

Question 21

Nonexperimental studies DO NOT…?

Answer 21

Establish a cause and effect relationship

Don’t manipulate independent variable

Question 22

Correlation does not equal??

Answer 22

Causation

Question 23

In nonexperimental studies it is important to always ask?

Answer 23

Are there alternative explanations for the findings?

Question 24

_______ ___________ is tested to assess which independent variables can best explain the dependent variables

Answer 24

Model testing

Question 25

Non experimental studies sometimes use ____________ techniques that can explain the relationships among variables to establish __________ __ ______ ____.

Answer 25

Analytic; predictive or casual links

Question 26

What is the primary difference between experimental and nonexperimental designs?

Answer 26

Manipulation of an independent variable