Chapter 14

Question 1

Which are more likely operational definitions of variables?

Answer 1

Verbalized satisfaction with care recieved

Pain rated on a scale of 1-10

Question 2

Which statements must apply to observations for them to be scientific?

Answer 2

They must be consistent with the study’s objectives

They must be recorded in a standardized way

Question 3

Why must data collection methods be objective?

Answer 3

Data must not be influenced by the people collecting data

Question 4

When should the selection of data methods occur?

Answer 4

During the literature review

Question 5

How can consistency in data collection be ensured?

Answer 5

By collecting data from each subject in the same way

Question 6

The degree of consistency in data collection between two investigators is referred to as what?

Answer 6

Interrater reliability

Question 7

An example of a biological measurement would be what?

Answer 7

A blood glucose level of 110mg/100mL

Question 8

What is an example of a microbiological measurement?

Answer 8

Presence of staphylococcus aureus in sputum

Question 9

When may the precision and sensitivity of physiologic measurements be compromised?

Answer 9

When the measuring device is affected by the environment

Question 10

A researcher studied the behavior of children who had witnessed the loss of a parent. She observed the children at play by watching through a one-way mirror. What is this type of observation called?

Answer 10

Concealment without intervention

Question 11

A researcher attended an infant exercise program and observed parents and infants interacting. What is this type of observation called?

Answer 11

No concealment without intervention

Question 12

Observing subjects without their knowledge violates which human right?

Answer 12

Right to informed consent

Question 13

What is the process that protects the rights of subjects who have been observed without their knowledge?

Answer 13

Debriefing

Question 14

When a researcher does not know all of the possible alternative responses to a question, what type of question should be asked?

Answer 14

Open-ended

Question 15

Data analysis for unstructured response formats requires what type of method?

Answer 15

Content analysis

Question 16

What type of problem is introduces by the response style known as social desirability?

Answer 16

Accuracy of responses

Question 17

Which critiquing criterion would apply to data collection methods in general?

Answer 17

Are operational definitions provided and clear?

Question 18

Which critiquing criterion would apply to observational methods?

Answer 18

Were the observers trained to minimize any bias?

Question 19

Which critiquing criterion would apply to interviews?

Answer 19

Is there clear indication that the subjects were able to answer the questions?

Question 20

Which critiquing criterion would apply to interviews?

Answer 20

Is there clear indication that the subjects understood the task and questions?

Question 21

Which critiquing criterion would apply to questionnaires?

Answer 21

Is there evidence that subjects were able to answer the questions?

Question 22

Which critiquing criterion would apply to records and databases?

Answer 22

Are the existing data used appropriately considering the problem being studied?

Question 23

Which are advantages of using physiological instruments?

Answer 23

Precision
Objectivity
Sensitivity

Question 24

Which critiquing criterion would apply to interviews?

Answer 24

Is the interview schedule described adequately enough to know whether it covers the topic?

Question 25

Demographic data that may be collected about study participants include what?

Answer 25

Race

Age

Question 26

Which critiquing criterion would apply to questionnaires?

Answer 26

Are the majority of the items appropriately close-ended or open-ended?

Question 27

What does evaluation of self-report require?

Answer 27

Social desirability