Chapter 10 Flashcards
Which statements are true about non experimental designs?
Nonexperimental designs are used to test relationships among variables
Nonexperimental designs can be used to construct a picture of a phenomenon at one point in time
What is another name for longitudinal studies?
Prospective studies
Cohort studies
Repeated measures studies
What are potential disadvantages of longitudinal studies?
Subject loss as a result of attrition
The Hawthorne effect
What is another name for retrospective studies?
Case control studies
Ex post facto studies
A nurse researcher demonstrated that cigarette smoking appeared to be a determinant of lung cancer. The researcher was unable to conclude a causal relationship exists between cigarette smoking and lung cancer because of which reason?
The independent variable was not manipulated
Subjects were not randomly assigned to groups
Nonexperimental studies provide what type of evidence?
Level IV
A study was designed to assess whether motion had an effect on the mood of elderly residents in a nursing home. The researcher examined whether residents who ambulated for an hour every day were more engaged in their environments than those who did not ambulate. This type of study is known as what?
Comparative
What is an advantage of using surveys for data collection?
A relatively small number of subjects can provide accurate information
What is the role of an investigator in a correlational study?
Examines the relationship between two or more variables
Nonexperimental correlational studies are used frequently in nursing research for which reason?
Many of the phenomena of clinical interest do not lend themselves to manipulation, control, or randomization
Which type of studies is concerned specifically with a time perspective?
Developmental studies
Graduates of nursing programs were surveyed 6 months postgraduation to determine their perspectives on the adequacy of their nursing education. This study is an example of what kind of study?
A cross-sectional study
Why are predictive models used?
To explain the relationships among variables to establish predictive or causal links
Why are psychometrics used?
To use the research process to develop tools or techniques for use in measurement
A researcher explored the nursing practice of new graduates to measure the frequency of medical errors they made over time. A cohort of new graduates was surveyed at 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year postgraduation. Which design best describes this study?
Descriptive longitudinal
