Chapter 8 Flashcards
Structural development perspective: what is moral development?
Change in reasoning patterns related to cognitive growth and development.
Kohlbergs three development levels
Pre-conventional morality (fear of punishment, hope of rewards).
Conventional morality (conform for approval)
Post-conventional morality (principled actions)
Social Learning perspetive: moral behvaviour
Carrying out an action that is deemed right or wrong.
Learned through reinforcement and modelling
What are some factors that influence moral behaviour?
Sport Environment: Influenced by coach.
Motivational Climate: Mastery vs. Performance.
Team Norms: Standards that influence behaviour.
4. Goal Orientation: Task vs. Ego-orientations.
What is aggression?
Overt verbal or physical acts.
Intended to psychologically or physically injure.
what are violent behaviours
Extreme physical aggression, with “no direct relationship to the competitive goals of sport.”
What is assertive behaviour
Forceful, vigorous, and legitimate actions with no intent to injure opponent.
Aggression involves four key points
Behaviour (action), not emotion or feeling.
Verbal or physical.
Intended to physically or psychologically harm.
Directed toward another living organism.
What is instrumental aggression?
Means to a goal or tangible reward like praise or victory.
Intent is to harm.
Injury is impersonal and limits opponents effectiveness (i.e. bodychecking).
What is hostile aggression?
Goal is too cause injury.
Intent to make victim suffer (i.e. sucker-punch).
Revised frustration aggression theory says what
Frustration can lead to other behaviours other than aggression such as withdrawal from sport.
Personal factors influencing aggression
Gender, Age,Physical size, Retaliation motives, annoyances, self-presentation
Most aggression is preceded by what?
Oppositions aggressive acts
Annoyances causes how?
Inconsistent calls, officials, actions of fans etc
Situational factors influencing aggression
Frequency of competition, home advantage, point differentials
