Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is basic research
Deals with testing fundamental mechanisms, producing conditions or events without undue concern for the practical utility
What is applied research
Generates solutions to immediate problems irrespective of mechanistic details.
Intuition is what
Developing implicit understanding of phenomena of interest in absence of formal training.
what is logic
Knowledge generated through application of formal rules of reasoning to problem in question.
What is descriptive reseach
Provides in-depth portrayals of phenomenon of interest, in general, or for specific participant groups.
What is predictive reseach
Establishes directional relationships between phenomena of interest
What is theory
Interconnected concepts that explain how and why phenomena work together.
What is an extraneous variable?
Variable other than IV that could influence the DV
what is a null hypothesis ?
Indicates no relationship between the variables under study or no difference exists between the groups receiving or not receiving the independent variable.
What is a alternative hypothesis?
Educated guess regarding the independent variable
What does casual mean?
Process of identifying agents that when manipulated bring about the desired changes in the DV’s of interest
What type of research requires ethical review?
Any research involving human participants, any research using biophysical specimens or human remains
What are the three issues are central to good ethical conduct
Respecting participants, beneficence,, and justice
What does respecting participants concern
Anonymity and confidentiality of participant data.
what does beneficence concern
Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing possible harm to participants.
What does justice mean?
Basically that the participants are the ones who derive benefits from the result of the study.
What is a measurement
Assigning numbers to variables
What is nominal?
Assigning numbers to variables representing measurement only as labels i.e #15
What is ordinal?
Assigning numbers to variables so that a variable can be rank ordered
What is an interval?
Assigning numbers to variables so that distances between numbers are equal
What is a ratio?
Assigning numbers to variables so that a true zero exists. Ex: number of training sessions attended
What is psychometrics?
Assessment of psychological variables using numbers
What is reliability?
concerns the CONSISTENCY or stability of scores derived.
True score model estimates
Reliability
What is observed score
Actual numerical value derived from test
What is true score?
Variable of interest plus some error of measurement
Observed score =?
True score+Measurement error
what is validity ?
Extent to which test scores serve intended function
Five sources of validity?
Content, Criterion, Predictive, Concurrent, and consequential
What is internal validity?
The study’s results are attributed to treatment rather than design flaw
What is internal validity threat?
Explanation for changes in dependent variable
What is Quasi-Experimental Designs
Does not randomly assign participants to differnt conditions
What design is common in S.E.P
Non-experimental design
Some points on Basic interpretive qualitative study
Seeks understanding phenomena, processes, or perspectives.
Interviews, observation, document examination.
Analyzes data to identify patterns and themes
What is phenomenology concerned with
Essence of lived experiences
What is the grounded theory
Develops theory inductively derived from data
Case study is descriptions and analyses of what?Use what perspectives?
Single unit, Disciplinary and methodological
What is ethnograhy?
Study of culture around group or team
What is substantive theory ?
Localized, dealing with particular real-world situations
