Chapter 8 Flashcards
DNA in a coiled rod shaped form that is found during cell division.
Chromosome
One of two identical parts of a chromosome.
Chromatid
The point at which each chromatid attaches.
Centromere
chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism
Sex Chromosomes
All chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.
Autosomes
Two members of a chromosome pair.
Homologus chromosomes
A cell that contains two chromosomes of a homologus pair
diploid
A cell that contains only one chromosome
haploid
The division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells. Each offspring cell is identical to the parent cell.
Binary Fission
The production of offspring from one parent.
Asexual reproduction
The sequence of events that occurs from mitosis to mitosis.
Cell cycle
period of cell growth.
interphase
division of cell nucleus
mitosis
division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
period of cell growth.
G1 phase
DNA is copied.
S phase
more growth and preparation for cell division.
G2 Phase
chromatin coils and forms chromosomes. The nuclear membrane breaks down and disappears. In animal cells, centrioles appear. Spindle fibers appear. Asters appear in animal cells.
Prophase
The chromosomes line up down the center or equator or the cell.
Metaphase
The centromere of each pair of chromatids divides and moves toward the poles of the cell.
Anaphase
The centrioles and spindle fibers disappear, chromatids turn back into chromatin, the nuclear membrane forms again.
Telophase
The cytoplasm from the original cell splits and forms two new cells.
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes appear. Nuclear membrane disappears. Every chromosome lines up next to the pair. This pairing is called synapsis. The homologus chromosomes twist around each other to form a tetrad. This is where crossing-over, or the exchange of genes occurs.
Prophase I
haploid reproductive cells
gametes
