Chapter 5 Flashcards
The biological balance between an organism and its environment.
Homeostasis
The process by which molecules move form an area of high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion
When the concentration of molecules in a space is the same throughout the space.
Equilibrium
When the concentration of the molecules in a space is not the same throughout there is said to be a
concentration gradient
When a substance can pass through a membrane.
Permeable
Diffusion of water. When water moves form an area of high concentration to low concentration across a membrane.
Osmosis
If the solute concentration is lower outside the cell than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is . Water will move into the cell until equilibrium is established.
Hypotonic
When the concentration is greater outside the cell than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is . Water will move out of the cell until equilibrium is established.
Hypertonic
When the concentration outside the cell equal is to the concentration inside the cell, the solution is is. Water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate.
Isotonic
Organelles that remove water from the interior of the cell.
Contractile vacuoles
The pressure created when water fills up the cell.
Turgor Pressure
When there is so much turgor pressure that the cell burst.
Cytolylis
When the turgor pressure is so low that the cell shrivels up.
Plasmolysis
The movement of a substance across a membrane without using energy. (example: diffusion and osmosis)
Passive Transport
Protein molecules that function in transports of substances across the cell membrane.
Carrier molecules (proteins)
A type of diffusion in which the process is made faster by a carrier molecule. (example: glucose is to large to diffuse quickly. The movement of glucose is made quicker by the carrier molecules.)
Facilitated Diffusion
Proteins that transport ions from an area of higher to lower concentration.
Ion Channels
When materials move from an area of lower to higher concentration.
Active transport
A mechanism that forces sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell. Movement of these ions is against the concentration gradient. (three sodium for every two potassium)
Sodium Potassium Pump
The process by which a cell engulfs a substance that is too large to pass through the cell membrane.
Endocytosis
Movement of fluid or solutes into the cell.
Pinocytosys
Movement of large food particles or whole microorganisms into the cell
Phagocytosis
Cells that ingest bacteria and viruses.
Phagocytes
An organelle that forms after the cell membrane has engulfed a substance through endocytosis.
Vessicle
