Chapter 5

Question 1

The biological balance between an organism and its environment.

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

The process by which molecules move form an area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 2

Diffusion

Question 3

When the concentration of molecules in a space is the same throughout the space.

Answer 3

Equilibrium

Question 4

When the concentration of the molecules in a space is not the same throughout there is said to be a

Answer 4

concentration gradient

Question 5

When a substance can pass through a membrane.

Answer 5

Permeable

Question 6

Diffusion of water. When water moves form an area of high concentration to low concentration across a membrane.

Answer 6

Osmosis

Question 7

If the solute concentration is lower outside the cell than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is . Water will move into the cell until equilibrium is established.

Answer 7

Hypotonic

Question 8

When the concentration is greater outside the cell than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is . Water will move out of the cell until equilibrium is established.

Answer 8

Hypertonic

Question 9

When the concentration outside the cell equal is to the concentration inside the cell, the solution is is. Water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate.

Answer 9

Isotonic

Question 10

Organelles that remove water from the interior of the cell.

Answer 10

Contractile vacuoles

Question 11

The pressure created when water fills up the cell.

Answer 11

Turgor Pressure

Question 12

When there is so much turgor pressure that the cell burst.

Answer 12

Cytolylis

Question 13

When the turgor pressure is so low that the cell shrivels up.

Answer 13

Plasmolysis

Question 14

The movement of a substance across a membrane without using energy. (example: diffusion and osmosis)

Answer 14

Passive Transport

Question 15

Protein molecules that function in transports of substances across the cell membrane.

Answer 15

Carrier molecules (proteins)

Question 16

A type of diffusion in which the process is made faster by a carrier molecule. (example: glucose is to large to diffuse quickly. The movement of glucose is made quicker by the carrier molecules.)

Answer 16

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 17

Proteins that transport ions from an area of higher to lower concentration.

Answer 17

Ion Channels

Question 18

When materials move from an area of lower to higher concentration.

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

A mechanism that forces sodium ions out of the cell and potassium into the cell. Movement of these ions is against the concentration gradient. (three sodium for every two potassium)

Answer 19

Sodium Potassium Pump

Question 20

The process by which a cell engulfs a substance that is too large to pass through the cell membrane.

Answer 20

Endocytosis

Question 21

Movement of fluid or solutes into the cell.

Answer 21

Pinocytosys

Question 22

Movement of large food particles or whole microorganisms into the cell

Answer 22

Phagocytosis

Question 23

Cells that ingest bacteria and viruses.

Answer 23

Phagocytes

Question 24

An organelle that forms after the cell membrane has engulfed a substance through endocytosis.

Answer 24

Vessicle

Question 25

the passage of large molecules out of the cell.

Answer 25

Exocytosis