Chapter 24

Question 1

A biological particle composed of genetic material and protein.

Answer 1

virsus

Question 2

a bilipid membrane that surrounds the capsid

Answer 2

envelope

Question 3

a protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus

Answer 3

capsid

Question 4

A virus that reproduces by the lytic cycle. Causes a disease

Answer 4

virulent

Question 5

A virus that reproduces only by the lysogenic cycle. Does not cause a disease.

Answer 5

Temperate

Question 6

contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme allows the virus to make DNA from RNA. The AIDS virus is one

Answer 6

retroviruses

Question 7

a short single strand of RNA with no surrounding capsid.

Answer 7

viroid

Question 8

a glycoprotein particle containing a polypeptide of about 250 amino acids. They are capable of reproducing in some living cells.

Answer 8

prions

Question 9

viruses that infect bacteira

Answer 9

bacteriophage

Question 10

a method of viral replication in which a viral genome is replicated as provirus without destroying the host cell

Answer 10

Lysogenic cycle

Question 11

single celled organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus.

Answer 11

Prokaryote

Question 12

Are adapted to the harsh environment in which they live.

Answer 12

Archeabacteria

Question 13

live only in the absence of free oxygen.

Answer 13

methanogens

Question 14

live only in areas of high salt concentration.

Answer 14

extreme halophiles

Question 15

live only in places that are very acidic and where temperatures are very hot. (110 degrees C)

Answer 15

thermoacidophiles

Question 16

means they form clusters

Answer 16

staphylo

Question 17

means they form long chains.

Answer 17

strepto

Question 18

means they are circles

Answer 18

coccus

Question 19

means they are Rod shaped

Answer 19

bacillus

Question 20

small circular strand of DNA that are capable of replicating independently.

Answer 20

plasmids

Question 21

a protective layer of polysaccharides around their cell wall.

Answer 21

capsid

Question 22

forms under adverse conditions, basically it is a though envelope surrounding the DNA.

Answer 22

endospore

Question 23

Many bacteria move by whipping their flagella around in an S-shaped curve.

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

A heterotroph that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter.

Answer 24

saprophyte

Question 25

Use light as a source of energy.

Answer 25

photoautotroph

Question 26

Use the energy in chemical reactions instead of sunlight to produce food.

Answer 26

chemoautotroph

Question 27

the process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia compounds

Answer 27

nitrogen fixation

Question 28

breaking down food

Answer 28

respiration

Question 29

organisms that can’t survive in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 29

obligate anaerobes

Question 30

can live with or without oxygen. (E. coli)

Answer 30

facultative aerobes

Question 31

-- organisms that cannot survive without oxygen.(most bacteria)

Answer 31

obligate aerobes

Question 32

an asexual process of the cell dividing into two new cells.

Answer 32

binary fission

Question 33

the process of gentic material of two bacteria of the same species are recombined.

Answer 33

conjectation

Question 34

any organism that causes a disease.

Answer 34

pathogen

Question 35

a poisonous substance that disrupts the metabolism of the infected organism.

Answer 35

toxin

Question 36

Found in the cell walls of most Gram-negative bacteria. Cause fever, weakness, damage to the circulatory system.

Answer 36

endotoxin

Question 37

Products of the metabolism of the bacteria. The most potent poisons known. Cause diphtheria and botulism.

Answer 37

Exotoxin

Question 38

chemicals that are capable of inhibiting the growth of some bacteria.

Answer 38

Antibiotics