Chapter 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

A biological particle composed of genetic material and protein.

A

virsus

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2
Q

a bilipid membrane that surrounds the capsid

A

envelope

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3
Q

a protein sheath that surrounds the nucleic acid core in a virus

A

capsid

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4
Q

A virus that reproduces by the lytic cycle. Causes a disease

A

virulent

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5
Q

A virus that reproduces only by the lysogenic cycle. Does not cause a disease.

A

Temperate

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6
Q

contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme allows the virus to make DNA from RNA. The AIDS virus is one

A

retroviruses

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7
Q

a short single strand of RNA with no surrounding capsid.

A

viroid

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8
Q

a glycoprotein particle containing a polypeptide of about 250 amino acids. They are capable of reproducing in some living cells.

A

prions

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9
Q

viruses that infect bacteira

A

bacteriophage

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10
Q

a method of viral replication in which a viral genome is replicated as provirus without destroying the host cell

A

Lysogenic cycle

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11
Q

single celled organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus.

A

Prokaryote

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12
Q

Are adapted to the harsh environment in which they live.

A

Archeabacteria

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13
Q

live only in the absence of free oxygen.

A

methanogens

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14
Q

live only in areas of high salt concentration.

A

extreme halophiles

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15
Q

live only in places that are very acidic and where temperatures are very hot. (110 degrees C)

A

thermoacidophiles

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16
Q

means they form clusters

A

staphylo

17
Q

means they form long chains.

A

strepto

18
Q

means they are circles

A

coccus

19
Q

means they are Rod shaped

A

bacillus

20
Q

small circular strand of DNA that are capable of replicating independently.

A

plasmids

21
Q

a protective layer of polysaccharides around their cell wall.

A

capsid

22
Q

forms under adverse conditions, basically it is a though envelope surrounding the DNA.

A

endospore

23
Q

Many bacteria move by whipping their flagella around in an S-shaped curve.

A

flagella

24
Q

A heterotroph that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter.

A

saprophyte

25
Q

Use light as a source of energy.

A

photoautotroph

26
Q

Use the energy in chemical reactions instead of sunlight to produce food.

A

chemoautotroph

27
Q

the process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia compounds

A

nitrogen fixation

28
Q

breaking down food

A

respiration

29
Q

organisms that can’t survive in the presence of oxygen.

A

obligate anaerobes

30
Q

can live with or without oxygen. (E. coli)

A

facultative aerobes

31
Q

– organisms that cannot survive without oxygen.(most bacteria)

A

obligate aerobes

32
Q

an asexual process of the cell dividing into two new cells.

A

binary fission

33
Q

the process of gentic material of two bacteria of the same species are recombined.

A

conjectation

34
Q

any organism that causes a disease.

A

pathogen

35
Q

a poisonous substance that disrupts the metabolism of the infected organism.

A

toxin

36
Q

Found in the cell walls of most Gram-negative bacteria. Cause fever, weakness, damage to the circulatory system.

A

endotoxin

37
Q

Products of the metabolism of the bacteria. The most potent poisons known. Cause diphtheria and botulism.

A

Exotoxin

38
Q

chemicals that are capable of inhibiting the growth of some bacteria.

A

Antibiotics