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Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The basic smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.

A

cell

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2
Q

A complete living thing that consists of one cell.

A

Unicellular

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3
Q

A complete living thing that consists of more than one cell.

A

multicellular

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4
Q

The cell was discovered by

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

The first person to observe a living cell

A

Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory

A
  1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cells are organisms’ basic units of structure and function.
  3. Cells come only from existing cells.
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7
Q

Covers the cells surface and acts as a barrier to the outside environment.

A

cell membrane or plasma Membrane

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8
Q

The region within the cell membrane that includes fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles except the nucleus.

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles such as ribosomes, but not membrane bound organelles.

A

Cytosol

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10
Q

Part of the cell that contains the DNA.

A

nucleus

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11
Q

Cells that do not have nuclei and membrane organelles.

A

Prokaryotes

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12
Q

Cells that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

A

Eukaryotes

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13
Q

Well defined, intracellular bodies that perform specific function for the cell.

A

Organelles

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14
Q

A collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a connected group.

A

Colonial organisms

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15
Q

A group of cells that perform a specific function.

A

Tissue

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16
Q

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ:

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17
Q

A group of organs that perform a specific function.

A

organ system

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18
Q

Allows only certain molecules to enter or leave the cell.
Separates the inside of the cell from the outside.
Allows the cell to excrete waste and interact with the outside environment.

A

cell membrane

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19
Q

two phospholipids line up so their heads points outward toward the water and their tails point inward away from the water.

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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20
Q

Proteins that are embedded within the lipid bilayer.

A

Integral proteins

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21
Q

Proteins that extend completely through the lipid bilayer

A

Peripheral proteins

22
Q

The phospholipid bilayer behaves more like a fluid than a soild. The shape is constantly changing.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

23
Q

This is where the nucleic acids are synthesized and therefore it directs the activities of the cell

A

nucleus

24
Q

double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Filled with nucleoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

25
Q

long thin structures of DNA. Found in this form when cell is not dividing.

A

Chromatin

26
Q

a condensed strand of chromatin

A

Chromosome

27
Q

The site where DNA is concentrated when it is in the process of making ribosomal RNA.

A

Nucleolus

28
Q

Respiration center of the cell. (power house of the cell)

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

(ATP) is produced here

A

Adenosine TriPhosphate

30
Q

Inner membrane in the mitochondria has many folds

A

cristae

31
Q

Small roughly sphere shaped organelle that is the site of protein synthesis. They are made of RNA and proteins.

A

Ribosomes

32
Q

Membrane system of folded sacs and tunnels. (the transportation system of the cell)

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

33
Q

ER with no ribosomes attached. Builds lipids such as cholesterol.

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

ER with ribosomes attached. Produces phospholipids and proteins.

A

Rough ER

35
Q

The processing, packaging, and secreting organelle of the cell. (the packaging plant or post office)

A

Golgi Apparatus-

36
Q

Vessicles that bud from Golgi Apparatus that contain digestive enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

37
Q

Similar to lysosomes but contain different enzymes and are not produced by the Golgi apparatus. Abundant in the liver and kidney cells.

A

Peroxisomes

38
Q

A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscross the cytosol. Gives shape to the cell.

A

Cytoskeleton

39
Q

Long slender protein tubes.

A

Microtubules

40
Q

Fine protein threads.

A

Microfilaments

41
Q

Short hair like extensions on some cells.

A

Cilia

42
Q

Long whip like structures on some cells.

A

Flagella

43
Q

Two short cylinders of microtubules at right angles to each other and are situated in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope. ONLY Found in animals cells.

A

Centrioles

44
Q

Surrounds the cell membrane and supports and protects the cell. Made of cellulose

A

Cell Wall

45
Q

Fluid filled cavity that stores enzymes and waste products. Stores water

A

Vacuoles

46
Q

Double membrane organelles that contain their own DNA like mitochondria.

A

Plastids

47
Q

Use light energy to make carbohydrates.

A

Chloroplasts

48
Q

mebrus sackschlorophyll that absorbs the sunlight

A

thylakoids

49
Q

Contains colorful pigments and may help in photosynthesis.

A

Chromoplasts

50
Q

Store starch

A

Amyloplasts

Biology (10 decks)

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