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Biology > Biology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anything that has mass and volume

A

matter

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2
Q

substances that can’t be broken down chemically into simpler substances

A

elements

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3
Q

The fundamental unit of matter

A

atom

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4
Q

The atom is made up of three main parts

A

protons neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

particles with no charge and found In the nucleus

A

Neutrons

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6
Q

particles with a positive charge and found in the nucleus

A

protons

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7
Q

particles with a negative charge and found orbiting the nucleus

A

electrons

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8
Q

is made up of protons and neutrons and is where most of the mass of an atom is found.

A

nucleus

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9
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Atomic number

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10
Q

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

A

mass number

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11
Q

Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus. In neutral atoms the number of this equals the atomic number

A

electrons

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12
Q

Regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

A

Orbitals

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13
Q

Atoms of the same element but have different mass numbers are called

A

isotopes

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14
Q

Takes into account the relative amounts of each isotope in the element

A

Average atomic mass

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15
Q

Atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions

A

Compounds

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16
Q

The attractive forces that hold atoms together

A

Chemical bonds

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17
Q

Compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

A

Ionic bonds

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18
Q

Compounds formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons

A

Covalent bonds

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19
Q

The simplest part or a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state

A

Molecule

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20
Q

The ability to do work

A

energy

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21
Q

Energy can occur in different forms name them

A

Light Electrical Thermal Nuclear

22
Q

Four states of matter

A

soild liquid gass plamsa

23
Q

Definite volume, definite shape. Particles are moving very little

A

Solid

24
Q

Definite volume, no definite shape. Particle are moving faster than in a solid

A

liquid

25
Q

No definite volume, no definite shape. Particles are moving faster than in a liquid

A

Gas

26
Q

Superheated gas that takes on liquid like properties and atoms are ripped apart to form ions

A

Plasma

27
Q

When one or more substances changes to form one or more different substances

A

Chemical reactions

28
Q

Usually on the left side of the equations. The substances you start with

A

Reactants

29
Q

Usually on the right side of the equations. The substances you end up with.

A

products

30
Q

All chemical reactions that occur in an organism

A

metabolism

31
Q

expands when it is cooled

A

water

32
Q

uneven distribution of charge

A

polar compound

33
Q

The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge

A

Hydrogen bond

34
Q

The uneven electrical charge of water causes the molecules to bond with each other

A

cohesion

35
Q

The attractive force between two particles of different substances such as water and glass. This property of water causes capillarity

A

adhesion

36
Q

The ability to spread through fine pores or to move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity

A

Capillarity

37
Q

A mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another

A

solution

38
Q

the substance being dissolved

A

Solute

39
Q

the substance that the solute is dissolved in

A

solvant

40
Q

The amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent

A

Concentration

41
Q

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved.

A

Saturated solution

42
Q

Solutions in which water is the solvent.

A

Aqueous solutions

43
Q

Water molecules naturally break apart as they bump into each other

A

Ionization of water

44
Q

When the number of hydronium ions is greater than hydroxide ions in a solution

A

Acid

45
Q

When the number of hydroxide ions is greater than hydronium ions in a solution

A

Base

46
Q

– A measurement of the concentration of the H3O+ ions in a solution

A

pH

47
Q

In the pH scale 0-6

A

acidic

48
Q

pH of 8-14

A

basic

49
Q

Seven is what on the pH

A

neutral

50
Q

Substances that neutralize small amounts of acid or base added to a solution

A

Buffers

Biology (10 decks)

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