Biology Chapter 2

Question 1

Anything that has mass and volume

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

substances that can’t be broken down chemically into simpler substances

Answer 2

elements

Question 3

The fundamental unit of matter

Answer 3

atom

Question 4

The atom is made up of three main parts

Answer 4

protons neutrons and electrons

Question 5

particles with no charge and found In the nucleus

Answer 5

Neutrons

Question 6

particles with a positive charge and found in the nucleus

Answer 6

protons

Question 7

particles with a negative charge and found orbiting the nucleus

Answer 7

electrons

Question 8

is made up of protons and neutrons and is where most of the mass of an atom is found.

Answer 8

nucleus

Question 9

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 9

Atomic number

Question 10

The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 10

mass number

Question 11

Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus. In neutral atoms the number of this equals the atomic number

Answer 11

electrons

Question 12

Regions around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

Answer 12

Orbitals

Question 13

Atoms of the same element but have different mass numbers are called

Answer 13

isotopes

Question 14

Takes into account the relative amounts of each isotope in the element

Answer 14

Average atomic mass

Question 15

Atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions

Answer 15

Compounds

Question 16

The attractive forces that hold atoms together

Answer 16

Chemical bonds

Question 17

Compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

Answer 17

Ionic bonds

Question 18

Compounds formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons

Answer 18

Covalent bonds

Question 19

The simplest part or a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state

Answer 19

Molecule

Question 20

The ability to do work

Answer 20

energy

Question 21

Energy can occur in different forms name them

Answer 21

Light Electrical Thermal Nuclear

Question 22

Four states of matter

Answer 22

soild liquid gass plamsa

Question 23

Definite volume, definite shape. Particles are moving very little

Answer 23

Solid

Question 24

Definite volume, no definite shape. Particle are moving faster than in a solid

Answer 24

liquid

Question 25

No definite volume, no definite shape. Particles are moving faster than in a liquid

Answer 25

Gas

Question 26

Superheated gas that takes on liquid like properties and atoms are ripped apart to form ions

Answer 26

Plasma

Question 27

When one or more substances changes to form one or more different substances

Answer 27

Chemical reactions

Question 28

Usually on the left side of the equations. The substances you start with

Answer 28

Reactants

Question 29

Usually on the right side of the equations. The substances you end up with.

Answer 29

products

Question 30

All chemical reactions that occur in an organism

Answer 30

metabolism

Question 31

expands when it is cooled

Answer 31

water

Question 32

uneven distribution of charge

Answer 32

polar compound

Question 33

The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge

Answer 33

Hydrogen bond

Question 34

The uneven electrical charge of water causes the molecules to bond with each other

Answer 34

cohesion

Question 35

The attractive force between two particles of different substances such as water and glass. This property of water causes capillarity

Answer 35

adhesion

Question 36

The ability to spread through fine pores or to move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity

Answer 36

Capillarity

Question 37

A mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another

Answer 37

solution

Question 38

the substance being dissolved

Answer 38

Solute

Question 39

the substance that the solute is dissolved in

Answer 39

solvant

Question 40

The amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent

Answer 40

Concentration

Question 41

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved.

Answer 41

Saturated solution

Question 42

Solutions in which water is the solvent.

Answer 42

Aqueous solutions

Question 43

Water molecules naturally break apart as they bump into each other

Answer 43

Ionization of water

Question 44

When the number of hydronium ions is greater than hydroxide ions in a solution

Answer 44

Acid

Question 45

When the number of hydroxide ions is greater than hydronium ions in a solution

Answer 45

Base

Question 46

– A measurement of the concentration of the H3O+ ions in a solution

Answer 46

pH

Question 47

In the pH scale 0-6

Answer 47

acidic

Question 48

pH of 8-14

Answer 48

basic

Question 49

Seven is what on the pH

Answer 49

neutral

Question 50

Substances that neutralize small amounts of acid or base added to a solution

Answer 50

Buffers