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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compounds that contain carbon

A

organic compound

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2
Q

compounds that don’t contain carbon

A

inorganic compound

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3
Q

A bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons

A

single bond

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4
Q

A bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.

A

double bond

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5
Q

A bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons.

A

triple bond

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6
Q

clusters or groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecule

A

functional group

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7
Q

Compound made of many linked units.

A

Polymers

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8
Q

Each individual unit in a polymer.

A

Monomers

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9
Q

Large polymers

A

Macromolecules

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10
Q

Process of monomers combining to produce polymers in which an H+ ion and an OH- ion are released and join to form water.

A

Condensation Reaction

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11
Q

The opposite of condensation reaction, when water molecules are split and for the H+ ion and OH- ion.

A

Hydrolysis

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12
Q

A compound that stores energy for use in the cell

A

ATP

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13
Q

covalent bonds between the phosphate groups are more unstable than the other bonds in the ATP molecule because the phosphate groups are closer together and have negative charges.

A

energy is formed because of this

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14
Q

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1 to 2 to 1.

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

Simple sugar.

A

Monosaccharides

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16
Q

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but have different structures so they are called

A

isomers

17
Q

two monosaccharides combine to form a double sugar.

A

Disaccharide

18
Q

Complex molecule composed of _three or more monosaccharides.

A

Polysaccharide

19
Q

Organic compound composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. They are the structural and functional compounds in the cell.

A

Proteins

20
Q

Monomers that form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids. They consists of a central carbon atom with four groups attached

A

Amino Acids

21
Q

Two amino acids bonded together.

A

Dipeptides

22
Q

: A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the other amino acid.

A

Peptide bond

23
Q

: A long chain of amino acids.

A

Polypeptide

24
Q

Proteins or RNA molecules that act as catalysts and are essential for the functioning of a cell.

A

Enzymes

25
Q

The molecule an enzyme hooks up with.

A

Substrate

26
Q

A specific site on an enzyme that only a specific substrate can bond with. (Lock and Key)

A

active site

27
Q

NON POLAR fatty compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

A

lipids

28
Q

Monomer that makes up most lipids. They are composed of a long, straight hydrocarbon CHAIN with a carboxyl group (COOH) attached at one end.

A

Fatty Acid

29
Q

Composed of 3 molecules of fatty acids joined to one glycerol. Oils are liquid at room temperature. Fats are SOILD at room temperature.

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

Fats with ALL single bonds.

A

Saturated fat

31
Q

Fats with some single bonds. And some double bounds

A

Unsaturated fat

32
Q

2 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule

A

Phospholipids

33
Q

Consists of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain

A

Waxes

34
Q

Composed of four carbon rings. Considered lipids because they do not dissolve in water.

A

Steroids

35
Q

: Complex organic compounds that store important information in a cell

A

Nucleic Acids

36
Q

: Contains the genetic code.

A

DNA

37
Q

Ribonucleic Acid: Stored and transfers information from DNA.

A

RNA

38
Q

Monomers that make up Dna and RNA. Made up of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.

A

Nucleotide

Biology (10 decks)

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