Chapter 3

Question 1

Compounds that contain carbon

Answer 1

organic compound

Question 2

compounds that don’t contain carbon

Answer 2

inorganic compound

Question 3

A bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons

Answer 3

single bond

Question 4

A bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Answer 4

double bond

Question 5

A bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons.

Answer 5

triple bond

Question 6

clusters or groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecule

Answer 6

functional group

Question 7

Compound made of many linked units.

Answer 7

Polymers

Question 8

Each individual unit in a polymer.

Answer 8

Monomers

Question 9

Large polymers

Answer 9

Macromolecules

Question 10

Process of monomers combining to produce polymers in which an H+ ion and an OH- ion are released and join to form water.

Answer 10

Condensation Reaction

Question 11

The opposite of condensation reaction, when water molecules are split and for the H+ ion and OH- ion.

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

A compound that stores energy for use in the cell

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

covalent bonds between the phosphate groups are more unstable than the other bonds in the ATP molecule because the phosphate groups are closer together and have negative charges.

Answer 13

energy is formed because of this

Question 14

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1 to 2 to 1.

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

Simple sugar.

Answer 15

Monosaccharides

Question 16

Glucose, fructose, and galactose all have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but have different structures so they are called

Answer 16

isomers

Question 17

two monosaccharides combine to form a double sugar.

Answer 17

Disaccharide

Question 18

Complex molecule composed of _three or more monosaccharides.

Answer 18

Polysaccharide

Question 19

Organic compound composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. They are the structural and functional compounds in the cell.

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

Monomers that form proteins. There are 20 different amino acids. They consists of a central carbon atom with four groups attached

Answer 20

Amino Acids

Question 21

Two amino acids bonded together.

Answer 21

Dipeptides

Question 22

: A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the other amino acid.

Answer 22

Peptide bond

Question 23

: A long chain of amino acids.

Answer 23

Polypeptide

Question 24

Proteins or RNA molecules that act as catalysts and are essential for the functioning of a cell.

Answer 24

Enzymes

Question 25

The molecule an enzyme hooks up with.

Answer 25

Substrate

Question 26

A specific site on an enzyme that only a specific substrate can bond with. (Lock and Key)

Answer 26

active site

Question 27

NON POLAR fatty compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 27

lipids

Question 28

Monomer that makes up most lipids. They are composed of a long, straight hydrocarbon CHAIN with a carboxyl group (COOH) attached at one end.

Answer 28

Fatty Acid

Question 29

Composed of 3 molecules of fatty acids joined to one glycerol. Oils are liquid at room temperature. Fats are SOILD at room temperature.

Answer 29

Triglycerides

Question 30

Fats with ALL single bonds.

Answer 30

Saturated fat

Question 31

Fats with some single bonds. And some double bounds

Answer 31

Unsaturated fat

Question 32

2 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule

Answer 32

Phospholipids

Question 33

Consists of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain

Answer 33

Waxes

Question 34

Composed of four carbon rings. Considered lipids because they do not dissolve in water.

Answer 34

Steroids

Question 35

: Complex organic compounds that store important information in a cell

Answer 35

Nucleic Acids

Question 36

: Contains the genetic code.

Answer 36

DNA

Question 37

Ribonucleic Acid: Stored and transfers information from DNA.

Answer 37

RNA

Question 38

Monomers that make up Dna and RNA. Made up of a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.

Answer 38

Nucleotide