Chapter 8 Flashcards
is that management function which “involves influencing others to engage in the work behaviors necessary to reach organization goals
Leading
A person who occupies a higher position over persons in lower positions within the organization
Legitimate Power
when a person has the ability to give rewards to anybody who follows orders or request, he is said to have
Reward power
rewards may be classified into two forms
material and psychic
refer to money or other tangible benefits like cars, house and lot, etc.
material rewards
when a person compels another to comply with order through threats or punishment, he is said to possess
Coercive power
when a person can get compliance from another because the latter would want to be identified with the former, that person is said to have
referent power
experts provide specialized information regarding their specific lines of expertise
expert power
the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives
leadership
traits of effective leaders
- a high level of personal drive
- the desire to lead
- personal integrity
- self-confidence
- analytical ability of judgement
- knowledge of the company
- charisma
- creativity
- flexibility
are those identified as willing to accept responsibility, possess vigor initiative, persistence, and health
persons with drive
is a very important leadership trait because of the possibility of failure in every attempt to achieve certain goals
Drive
plant director of the polo plant of san miguel corporation between 1992 and 1994
paul mediarito
there are some persons who have all the qualifications for leadership, yet they could not become leaders because they lack one special requirement
the desire to lead
according to ________ integrity means and includes honesty, honour, incorruptibility, rectitude, righteousness, uprightness, and similar virtues
v.k. saraf
leadership skills
- technical skills
- human skills
- conceptual skills
these are skills a leader must possess to enable him to understand and make decisions about work processes, activities, and technology
technical skills
these skills refer to the ability of a leader to deal with people, both inside and outside the organization
human skills
the skills prefer to the ability to think in abstract terms to see how parts fit together to form the whole
conceptual skills
behavior approaches to leadership styles
- according to the ways leaders approach people to motivate them
- according to the way the leader uses power
- according to the leaders orientation towards task and people
ways leaders approach people
- positive leadership
- negative leadership
ways leader uses power
- autocratic
- participative
- free-rein
leaders who make decisions themselves, without consulting subordinates are called
autocratic leaders
is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed
autocratic style
when a leader openly invites his subordinates to participate or share in decisions, policy-making and operations methods, he is said to be a
participative leaders
leaders who set objectives and allow employees or subordinates relative freedom to do whatever it takes to accomplish these objectives, are called
free-rein leaders
leaders orientation toward tasks and people
- employee oriented
- task oriented
the various contingency approaches are as follows
- fiedler’s contingency model
- hersey and blanchard’s situational leadership model
- path-goal model of leadership
- vroom’s decision making model
the situational characteristics is determined by three principal factors
- the relations between leaders and followers
- the structure of the task
- the power inherent in the leaders position
is for people who lack competence but are enthusiastic and commited
directing
is for people who have some competence but lack commitment
coaching
is for people who have competence but lack of confidence or motivation
supporting
is for people who have both competence and commitment
delegating
espoused by robert j. house and terence r. mitchell, stipulates that leadership can be made effective because leader can influence subordinates perceptions of their work goals, personal goals, and paths to goal attainment
path-goal model of leadership
leadership styles, the leadership styles which may be used by path-goal proponents are as follows
- directive leadership
- supportive leadership
- participative leadership
- achivement-oriented leadership
where the leader focuses on clear task assignments, standards of successful performance, and work schedules
directive leadership
where subordinates are treated as equals in a friendly manner while striving to improve their well-being
supportive leadership
where the leader consults with subordinate to seek their suggestions and then seriously considers those suggestions when making decisions
participative leadership
where the leader set challenging goals, emphasize excellent, and seek continous improvement while maintaining a high degree of confidence that subordinate will meet difficult challenges in a responsible manner
achievement-oriented leadership
