Chapter 6 Flashcards
Communicating may be used to serve any of the following functions
- Information function
- Motivation function
- Control function
- Emotive function
define communication as “a purpose of sharing information through symbols, including words and message”
Morris Philip Wolf and Shirley Kuiper
The communication process consists of eight steps
- develop an idea
- encode
- transmit
- receive
- decode
- accept
- use
- provide feedback
The factors that will affect the acceptance or rejection of a message are as follows:
- the accuracy of the message
- whether or not the sender has the authority to send the message and/or require action; and
- the behavioral implications for the receiver
are those transmitted through hearing or sight.
Verbal communication
modes of transmission categorizes verbal communication into two classes
oral and written
Communication consists of two major forms
- verbal and
- non verbal
is a means of conveying message through body language, as well as the use of time, space, touch, clothing, appearance, and aesthetic elements.
Nonverbal communication
the barriers to communication may be classified generally as
- personal barriers
- physical barriers
- semantic barriers
the study of meaning as expressed in symbols
semantics
are hindrances to effective communication arising from a communicator’s characteristics
Personal barriers
cloud the communicator’s ability to judge correctly the real meaning of message received
Emotions
may be defined as an “interference with the reception of a message that occurs when the message is misunderstood even though it is received exactly as transmitted”
semantic barrier
refer to interferences to effective communication occuring in the environment where the communication is undertaken
Physical barrier
Communication may be classified as to the types of flow of the message which are as follows
downward, upward, or horizontal
refers to message flows from higher levels of authority to lower levels
Downward communication
refers to messages from persons in lower-level positions to persons in higher positions
upward communication
define grievance as “any employee’s concern over a perceived violation of the labor agreement that is submitted to the grievance procedure for eventual resolution”
Holley and Jennings
refers to messages sent to individuals or groups from another of the same organizational level or position
Horizontal communication
purpose of horizontal communication
- coordinate activities
- persuade others
- pass on information
“an organized method of providing past, present, and projected information on internal operations and external intelligence for use in decision-making”
Management information system (MIS) defined by Boone and Kurtz
The MIS is established for various reasons. Wheelen and Hunger enumerate them as follows:
- to provide a basis for the analysis for early warning signals
- to automate routine clerical operations
- to assist managers in making routine decisions
- to provide the information necessary for management
