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PSPbyMJB > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main components of an analog video surveillance system?

A

Camera, transmission cable, monitor.

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2
Q

What are the components of a digital video surveillance system?

A

Camera, digital transmission or network, personal computer with viewing software.

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3
Q

How many vertical lines does the PAL standard have?

A

625 vertical lines.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of defining each camera’s purpose in a video surveillance system?

A

To determine the number of cameras needed.

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5
Q

What is the main characteristic of NTSC according to the course notes?

A

It has 60 fields per second.

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6
Q

What type of cabling is recommended for distances over 2500 ft. in video surveillance systems?

A

Fiber optic cabling.

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7
Q

In analog video surveillance, what does an Analog Video Amplifier do?

A

Allows video signals to be sent over long distances.

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8
Q

What does a Manual Iris Lens do?

A

Allows the video signal to remain constant regardless of varying light conditions.

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9
Q

How does Masking work in video surveillance?

A

Divides the video scene using overlay grids and programs certain areas to be ignored.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of Privacy Blocking/Image Protection technology?

A

To black out a portion of the image scene to preserve privacy in surveillance.

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11
Q

Define Autofocus in cameras.

A

Camera’s ability to automatically focus on a scene or moving target.

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12
Q

Explain Enhanced (Super) Dynamics in cameras.

A

Analog electronic backlight compensation that double-scans images for better quality.

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13
Q

What are the advantages of Internet Protocol (IP) cameras?

A

Measure resolution in CIF, can be ‘edge’ devices for computing within the camera.

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14
Q

How do Thermal Cameras produce images?

A

Uses temperature signatures of targets to create images in different colors.

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15
Q

Describe the functionality of Day-Night Cameras.

A

Record images in color during the day and in black and white at night.

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16
Q

Who is best suited for performing video surveillance system maintenance?

A

A competent on-site staff member with electronic system troubleshooting background.

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17
Q

Why should equipment logs be maintained in video surveillance maintenance?

A

To track maintenance activities and keep a record of system performance.

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18
Q

What percentage of spare parts is recommended to be kept on hand for video surveillance maintenance?

A

Approximately 5 percent.

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19
Q

Why is maintaining environmental factors important in video surveillance?

A

To prevent blocked camera views by bushes and tree limbs.

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20
Q

What are key factors affecting video surveillance system effectiveness?

A

Time between sensor alarm, video coverage, target clarity, field of view, continuous operation, sensitivity, and obstruction.

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21
Q

What environmental conditions may require heating inside camera housing in video surveillance?

A

Cold weather below 35 degrees F (1.7 degrees C).

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22
Q

What measures are recommended for cameras installed in sunny areas?

A

Use sun shield and sun visor to reduce glare.

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23
Q

What is the guidance on how many objectives a camera should view for proper security viewing?

A

A camera should not view more than two objectives (one major and one minor).

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24
Q

In video surveillance, what limitations are advised for auto-panning of cameras?

A

A camera should not auto-pan more than 45 degrees left or right.

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25
Q

What impact does mounting a C lens into a CS camera without an adapter ring have?

A

It may crack the CCD as CS cameras moved the CCD closer to the imager.

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26
Q

Which lens type has become the industry standard for cameras since 2002?

A

Direct Circuit/Logic Control (DC/LC) lens.

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27
Q

Why should cameras be evaluated against manufacturer’s specifications in video surveillance?

A

To ensure compatibility with design criteria and consistent performance.

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28
Q

What are the main reasons to use video surveillance systems?

A

To witness an event, record evidence, and assess incidents.

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29
Q

What is the difference between analog and digital video systems?

A

Analog systems are inexpensive and harder to hack; digital systems offer flexibility and networking.

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30
Q

How can analog cameras be converted to digital signals?

A

By using a digital encoder (codec) so they can be connected to the network.

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31
Q

What are the key factors to determine the field of view requirements for video surveillance cameras?

A

Target (people, vehicles, objects), activity, and purpose (assessment viewing, facial identification).

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32
Q

What are the functional requirements of converting an analog signal to digital for video surveillance?

A

Convert analog to digital signals, use a TCP/IP network, compress image files for bandwidth and storage.

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33
Q

How does video surveillance supplement security officers in security applications?

A

By providing detection, assessment, and surveillance capabilities in a cost-effective manner.

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34
Q

What considerations are important for integrating video surveillance cameras in high-security applications?

A

Interfacing with intrusion detection devices and access control for immediate assessment capabilities when alarms are triggered.

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35
Q

What is the purpose of the video surveillance system selection process?

A

To meet overall physical protection system requirements for risk management and asset protection.

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36
Q

What is the purpose of a digital video recorder in a surveillance system?

A

To serve as a digital recording medium for saving digital imagery.

37
Q

How does a digital video surveillance system represent images instead of using an interlace pattern?

A

It uses a full grid of small, colored squares known as pixels.

38
Q

What does CIF stand for in relation to video surveillance systems?

A

Common Intermediate Format

39
Q

Explain the concept of sensitivity in the context of choosing a surveillance camera.

A

Sensitivity refers to the minimum light required to produce a quality image.

40
Q

How is resolution defined for a surveillance camera?

A

Resolution relates to the number of pixels or horizontal scans for image quality.

41
Q

What is the importance of sensitivity when selecting a surveillance camera?

A

It is crucial as lighting is the first consideration for camera choice.

42
Q

What is the impact of using a lower f-stop lens in a camera?

A

It allows more light to enter the camera for better sensitivity.

43
Q

How can infrared (IR) lighting or thermal technology be beneficial in surveillance?

A

They can be used when visible lighting is not available for surveillance.

44
Q

What does ACG (Automatic Gain Control) provide in a camera?

A

ACG provides additional sensitivity and maintains a level video signal.

45
Q

Why should all exterior cameras have the ACG feature turned on?

A

To maintain picture quality in low-light conditions.

46
Q

What impact does using JPEG compression have on image quality?

A

High quality images with a compression ratio of 10:1.

47
Q

What are two main forms of video compression adopted by the industry?

A

Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG-4) and H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10).

48
Q

What should be considered for using video surveillance imagery as evidence in a courtroom?

A

Quality of recordings, how it was obtained, proof of originality, and scene occupation percentage.

49
Q

Why is it important to document the chain of custody for video imagery used in court proceedings?

A

To track how and who handled the video, including storage and transportation.

50
Q

What legal concern is highlighted in the course notes regarding privacy in video surveillance systems?

A

Avoid placing cameras in areas where individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

51
Q

When recording audio in video surveillance, what legal step should be taken?

A

Consult with an attorney as recording laws vary by jurisdiction or country.

52
Q

Why should dummy (fake) cameras not be used in security applications?

A

They may provide a false sense of security and protection to employees and visitors.

53
Q

What are the types of video recorders mentioned in the course notes?

A

Digital Video Recorders (DVR), Network Video Recorders (NVR), Server/Cloud Based, and Managed Video.

54
Q

What distinguishes Network Video Recorders (NVR) from Digital Video Recorders (DVR) in video surveillance systems?

A

NVRs are controllable over a network and can handle a system with several hundred cameras.

55
Q

What type of video recording system can be used for large, complex systems with remote server storage?

A

Server/Cloud Based systems using sophisticated software applications.

56
Q

What type of cable should be used when running a camera over 1,000 feet from controls?

A

A fiber optic cable should be used.

57
Q

Why should encryption be used for communications from the camera to controls?

A

To protect communications from unauthorized access.

58
Q

What connectors are used with coaxial cabling (RG-59) for cameras?

A

BNC (British Naval Connectors).

59
Q

What is the maximum distance twisted-pair cables can be run before amplification is needed?

A

328 feet (100m).

60
Q

How should parking facility cameras be protected?

A

They should be protected by vandal-resistant dark polycarbonate domes.

61
Q

What type of cameras can be used in low-light applications?

A

Low light cameras.

62
Q

What should be used to monitor parking facilities with video surveillance coverage?

A

Real-time monitoring and digital recording.

63
Q

What should color cameras be used for in parking facilities?

A

To identify specific vehicles and clothing.

64
Q

Where should cameras be positioned in parking facilities to capture license plates?

A

To capture license plates when vehicles enter or exit the area.

65
Q

Why should panic buttons be integrated with video surveillance?

A

To provide immediate visual context in case of emergencies.

66
Q

What should be displayed in video surveillance for clear zones?

A

As much of the clear zone as possible, including inner and outer fences.

67
Q

How many fixed cameras per zone should exterior assessment zones have for assessment?

A

One fixed camera per zone.

68
Q

What can video analytics be preprogrammed as?

A

1) Preprogrammed or 2) learning algorithm.

69
Q

What should be considered when integrating video analytics with seismic-type alarm sensors?

A

Tower height and location to reduce pole vibrations.

70
Q

What is intelligent video?

A

A learning algorithm that processes and evaluates camera images.

71
Q

What are the three levels of assessment in video surveillance systems?

A

Subject Identification, Action Identification or Classification, Scene Identification or Detection.

72
Q

Why is it important for a video surveillance system to accurately identify the subject?

A

Critical for criminal investigations; subject should be identifiable beyond doubt.

73
Q

What is the recommended minimum percentage of the overall scene width that the subject should occupy for proper identification?

A

At least 10 percent of the overall scene width.

74
Q

How does the camera angle affect subject identification using video imagery?

A

A steep camera angle makes identification more difficult.

75
Q

What elements are considered the main components of a video surveillance system?

A

Scene, Field of View, Camera, Lens, Communication Transmission, Monitor, Recording, Controllers and automation equipment.

76
Q

Which component of a video surveillance system should be chosen before the lens?

A

Camera should always be chosen before the lens.

77
Q

What is the purpose of controllers and automation equipment in a video surveillance system?

A

Controls what the cameras view and how the video is stored.

78
Q

According to the notes, why should the system be designed generically?

A

To let the application choose the equipment and not the other way around.

79
Q

What are the three major factors in determining the proper lens for a camera?

A

Format size, distance to scene, and focal length.

80
Q

Why is it important for the camera lens format size to match the camera imager?

A

To avoid ‘tunnel vision’ and ensure proper performance.

81
Q

What is the standard lens for a 1-inch camera?

A

A 25 mm lens, which is equivalent to the human eye.

82
Q

How can the field of view be determined using the Pythagorean Theorem?

A

By calculating the distance between the camera and the scene.

83
Q

What does the focal length determine in a lens?

A

The horizontal and vertical angles of the lens.

84
Q

How is the ‘f-stop’ number related to the amount of light captured by the lens?

A

A larger f-stop number captures less light, while a lower f-stop number captures more light.

85
Q

What are the options for lens formats mentioned in the notes?

A

1/4-inch, 1/3-inch, 1/2-inch, 2/3-inch, and 1-inch.

86
Q

What are the types of lenses commonly used in video surveillance systems?

A

Fixed lenses, varifocal lenses, and zoom lenses.

87
Q

What are the characteristics of wide-angle lenses in terms of scene coverage?

A

Used for very wide scenes and short ranges (0 to 15 ft).

88
Q

What are telephoto lenses used for based on their characteristics?

A

They are used for very narrow fields of view.

PSPbyMJB (14 decks)

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