Chapter 10 Flashcards
What advantages can a quality consultant bring to a physical security project?
A fresh perspective, higher expertise, up-to-date knowledge, and independence.
What factors should be considered when selecting a consultant for physical security projects?
Experience, professionalism, and level of independence.
Why is careful planning and documentation important when working with consultants?
To eliminate nuisance changes in project scope (scope creep).
What role does a consultant play in advising on PPS design?
To advise in the best interests of the client, regardless of influence.
What knowledge and skills are essential for a consultant to design an effective PPS?
Training, education, and certifications in security and risk management/analysis.
What are the special security considerations for Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)?
CPTED concepts and proper lighting are needed to reduce the risk of robbery,
physical assault, and murder.
How can natural surveillance be improved around ATMs?
By trimming shrubbery, trees, and applying proper lighting for increased visibility.
What are the minimum lighting requirements around an ATM according to the text?
25 FC at the ATM, 10 FC within 5 feet, 2 FC 50-60 feet away.
What are 5 common issues to control with ATM lighting?
“Great Lions Chase Lazy Squirrels”
“Great Lions Chase Lazy Squirrels”
• Great → Glare
• Lions → Light Trespass
• Chase → CRI (Color Rendering Index)
• Lazy → Light Direction
• Squirrels → Shadows
Why is regular maintenance of lighting critical around ATMs?
To ensure minimum lighting requirements are met for security.
What are common types of detectors (5) used in fire detection systems?
Incipient Detector,
Smoke detectors,
Heat detectors,
Fixed temperature sensor,
Rate-of-rise temperature sensor
What is the purpose of an automatic sprinkler system in a high-rise facility?
To save lives during a fire by releasing the extinguishing agent when activated.
How can fire spread be slowed within a building?
By using noncombustible materials and firewall partitions that are floor-to-ceiling.
What is the importance of standpipes in a high-rise structure?
To transport water manually to fight fires on the higher floors of the building.
What should be considered in regards to evacuation routes during a fire in a high-rise facility?
That elevators may become inoperable and routes may become congested, requiring alternate plans.
How can physically challenged individuals be assisted during evacuations in high-rise buildings?
Special consideration and assistance should be provided as they may have difficulty evacuating.
What 4 security measures can help mitigate bombing threats in high-rise facilities?
SE
V A and P
SD and
B H
Screening equipment,
controlling vehicle access and parking,
setback distances, and
building hardening.
What three factors should be considered when assessing a high-rise building for potential threats?
Its likelihood as a target,
surrounding facilities, and
operations of tenants attracting extremists.
How can CBR threats be addressed during the planning and design of a high-rise structure?
Detection measures for Chemical, Biological, and Radiological agents should be incorporated.
What is the recommended placement for HVAC intakes to prevent contamination?
High above ground or protected by a tower
What should protect HVAC intakes if easily accessible for intrusion detection?
Grille or baffle (at 90 degrees to the actual intake)
What type of detector should be installed in elevator machine rooms?
Smoke detector
How should elevator keys be controlled?
Strictly controlled
How should telecommunications and networks be protected in high-rise facilities?
Protect cabling, conduits and, tunnels; and
use separate paths for high-security apps
What site hardening measures should be considered during initial construction of high-rise facilities?
Measures to reduce costs
What three protections are required for drop ceilings and raised floors?
Pa
W M to D P and
IDS
Partitions,
wire-mesh to delay penetration, and
intrusion detection sensors
What controls should be used for parking in high-rise facilities?
Vehicle gate arms, crash-rated impact barriers
Where should duress alarms be installed in high-rise facilities?
Cash handling areas, reception areas, parking garage booths
What is the recommendation regarding training for users and emergency responders in high-rise facilities?
Training should be provided
What are four key characteristics of a dedicated central security operations center in high-rise facilities?
D
M
C, and
MSL
Dedicated,
monitored,
controlled, and
most secure location
What 4 areas should be covered by video surveillance in high-rise buildings?
Entry/exit points,
pedestrian access,
elevators, and
sensitive locations
What are the 3 requirements for monitoring video surveillance systems in high-rise buildings?
Continuous monitoring,
ability to enlarge views, and
record and review recordings
What four aspects of network topology should be considered for effective security technology communication?
S C
N A
D C and
W C
Structured cabling,
network architecture,
data centers, and
wiring components
What are the key features of a star topology network architecture?
Central node connected to multiple peripheral nodes, transmissions rebroadcast to all
What is a bus topology commonly used for in network connections?
E N connecting security devices
Ethernet networks connecting security devices
How is a linear topology in a network configured?
Point-to-point node connection in a straight line
What does a tree topology use for communications?
Multiple branches (paths) for communications
What happens in a ring topology if one of the nodes fails?
The ring is broken
How does a dual ring topology offer redundancy compared to a standard ring?
FB connected to each n____, offers more R to F
Four branches connected to each node, offers more resistance to failures
What does a mesh network topology offer in terms of nodes?
At least _____ different n_____ that have ……..
At least two different nodes that have connections
How can you enhance ATM visibility?
Eliminate hiding spots and obstacles like trash cans, walls, and benches.
What 3 options can be considered for ATM security?
IRVM
PL
DA
Installing rear-view mirrors,
prohibiting loitering, and
using duress alarms.
What locations - 4 - are suitable for installing ATMs according to the notes?
PS
GS
GB and
CB
Police stations,
grocery stores,
government buildings, and
commercial businesses.
What 3 measures can be taken to enhance ATM security presence?
U I S,
T D and
S C
Using intrusion sensors,
thermal detectors, and
surveillance cameras.
What steps can be taken if an ATM is in a high-crime area?
Options include moving the ATM, limiting operating hours, or closing it down.
What security measures are recommended for schools according to the notes?
SB,
SS, and
E v in parking and circulation areas
speed bumps,
Speed signs, and
enhancing visibility in parking and circulation areas.
What areas of focus are mentioned for school security?
Si
Bu De
In Sp and
Sys and Eq
• SiSite
• Bu De = Building Design
• In Sp = Interior Spaces
• Sys & Eq = Systems & Equipment
How can blind spots be addressed in school security?
Eliminate blind spots and ensure clear lines of sight from administrative offices.
What is an important consideration for school safety?
Preventing traffic issues and defining pick-up and drop-off locations.
What should classrooms be able to observe according to the notes?
P and C A should be observable from classrooms
Parking and circulation areas should be observable from classrooms.
Why are contaminants introduced into the water supply most dangerous at the distribution piping?
Contaminants quickly affect the water supply entering the building.
How can contaminants introduced into the air supply quickly affect a high-rise building?
They can spread across multiple floors via recirculated air systems.
Why is communication critical in a high-rise emergency situation?
It enables quick communication to occupants for life safety.
What is described in a comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (EMP)?
Actions to protect employees, the public, and assets during emergencies.
What are the three main concepts dictating the level of security in high-rise facilities?
Open buildings, closed buildings, and hybrid buildings.
What are the three types of interior spaces commonly referred to in high-rise facilities?
PA/CA
IR or AO, and
MS
Public access/common areas,
interior rented or assigned occupancies, and
maintenance spaces.
What are some (3) access control considerations for multi-tenant high-rise buildings?
I S O A,
I E C, and
S M S
Isolating sensitive owner areas,
implementing elevator controls, and
securing maintenance spaces.
What 3 strategies should be employed for maintenance spaces in high-rise buildings?
CAD
A and Z D, and
T/R C P
Controlled access doors,
alarmed and zoned doors, and telephone/radio contact protocols.
What is a Hypercube in networking?
A special type of mesh that limits the number of hops between nodes.
Define Fully Connected Topology in networking.
A topology that connects all nodes with multiple connections.
Explain a Hybrid Topology in networking.
Combo of ____ or more DT that are c________.
It is a combination of two or more different topologies that are connected.
List 6 communication formats for security devices.
Sa
Ce
Te
O F
In and
NC
Satellite,
cellular,
telephone,
optical fiber,
Internet, and
network communications.
What 4 considerations should a system make for communications integrity?
I of CM
M
T and
MS
Integrity of the communications medium,
messages,
timeliness, and
message security.
How does a Loop alarm system transmit alarms?
Devices are looped on wires throughout a building and connected to a control center.
Explain Point-to-Point alarm system transmission.
Devices are directly connected to a control center via wires.
What is Multiplex transmission in alarm systems?
The transmission of several messages simultaneously, more cost-effective than other systems.
Describe 4 Wireless alarm system communications requirements.
TARP
Transmitters, antenna, receiver, and power for transmitter and receiver.
How can signal compression in telecommunications be achieved?
Techniques like T____ and C______
Through techniques like Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
How can voice scramblers modify the human voice for communication protection?
By modifying frequency (voice pitch) and amplitude (loudness).
What is a frequency inverter used for in voice scrambling?
It is the simplest form of voice scrambler that modifies the voice spectrum.
What are the four categories for security measures in U.S. Federal Buildings?
Pe and Ex
En Se
In Se and
Se Pl
Perimeter and exterior,
entry security,
interior security, and
security planning.
What is the suggested minimum distance for setbacks in U.S. Federal Buildings?
Setbacks as far out as possible, with 100 ft. / 30 m. minimums suggested.
What type of structures are typically referred to as high-rise structures?
Buildings that are 75 feet (23 m) to 100 feet (30 m) in height, equating to 7 to 10 stories high.
What are the greatest risks to high-rise structures as mentioned in the notes?
Fire, bombings, and contamination of air and water supplies.
What are the significant factors affecting high-rise structures?
Early detection and location of hazards,
reliable communication,
safe escape routes, and
Deployment of rapid control measures.
What is the first priority for a high-rise facility in terms of fire safety?
Fire detection, offering detection capabilities and precise fire location.
What can organizations form within a high-rise facility to respond to fires?
Organizations may form fire brigades of trained personnel.
