chapter 8

Question 1

inequality

Answer 1

unequal distribution of resources
exists in all societies

Question 2

what is social differentiation

Answer 2

refers to the level of variation within a population

Question 3

what is social stratification

Answer 3

refers to the categorization of groups by their resources
socialized into it

Question 4

how do social stratification systems exist

Answer 4

as societies differentiate they create structures that are often unequal to some degree

Question 5

population increase cause _ and _

Answer 5

social expansion and differentiation

Question 6

in simple societies there is little _

Answer 6

divsion of labour

Question 7

characteristics of little division of labour

Answer 7

all ppl preform similar tasks and posses simialr wealth

Question 8

in complex societies there are _

Answer 8

wide divisions of labour

Question 9

lenski differentiated which 5 basic types of societies

Answer 9

hunter gathere
simple horticulture
advanced horticulture
agrarian
industrial

Question 10

characteristics of hunting and gathering societies

Answer 10

small societies that are nomadic, have no agriculture

Question 11

characteristics of simple horticulture

Answer 11

grow food using veyr simple tools, such as sticks

Question 12

what is advanced horticulture

Answer 12

farming with irrigation and fertilization to increase food supply

Question 13

characteristics of agrarian societies

Answer 13

complex socities w farming and concentration of wealth in few ppl, found in europe

Question 14

characteristics of industrial societies

Answer 14

great DOL, specialized work.

Question 15

mechanical solidarity

Answer 15

simple societies held together by sameness since their is low DOL

Question 16

what ir organic solidarity

Answer 16

complex societies hel together by difference and have high DOL

Question 17

4 basic types of stratifcation systems

Answer 17

caste
estate
slave
class

Question 18

what is caste system

Answer 18

social position ascribed at birth

Question 19

estate system

Answer 19

ascribed by law or thru inheritance
eg; federal systems

Question 20

slave systems

Answer 20

belief of ownership

Question 21

class systems

Answer 21

achieved status, determined by wealth

Question 22

difference between open and closed system

Answer 22

open- higher opportunity for transition between layers, possible to move to higher or lower position

closed- no movement from one rank to another

Question 23

eg of closed system

Answer 23

caste

Question 24

eg of open system

Answer 24

class

Question 25

what are life chances

Answer 25

opportunities a person has to improve income and lifestyle

Question 26

what is a social class

Answer 26

ppl who have approx the same amount of wealth and power

Question 27

what is conflict theory

Answer 27

inequality in social systems us bad and is the result of people using their power to gain resources at the expense of others

Question 28

what is synthesis

Answer 28

example of how both conflict theory and functionalism is helpful in understanding these system

Question 29

classic functionalism

Answer 29

diff positions are rewarded differently

Question 30

Class consciousness

Answer 30

is the awareness that different classes exist in society and that people’s fates are tied to the fate of their whole class.

Question 31

Social status

Answer 31

The amount of honor and prestige a person receives from others in the community; also, the position one occupies in the stratification system

Question 32

Structural functionalism

Answer 32

is self-regulating and self-maintaining. It consists of interrelated parts that serve a function in maintaining the system as a whol