chapter 8 Flashcards
inequality
unequal distribution of resources
exists in all societies
what is social differentiation
refers to the level of variation within a population
what is social stratification
refers to the categorization of groups by their resources
socialized into it
how do social stratification systems exist
as societies differentiate they create structures that are often unequal to some degree
population increase cause _ and _
social expansion and differentiation
in simple societies there is little _
divsion of labour
characteristics of little division of labour
all ppl preform similar tasks and posses simialr wealth
in complex societies there are _
wide divisions of labour
lenski differentiated which 5 basic types of societies
hunter gathere
simple horticulture
advanced horticulture
agrarian
industrial
characteristics of hunting and gathering societies
small societies that are nomadic, have no agriculture
characteristics of simple horticulture
grow food using veyr simple tools, such as sticks
what is advanced horticulture
farming with irrigation and fertilization to increase food supply
characteristics of agrarian societies
complex socities w farming and concentration of wealth in few ppl, found in europe
characteristics of industrial societies
great DOL, specialized work.
mechanical solidarity
simple societies held together by sameness since their is low DOL
what ir organic solidarity
complex societies hel together by difference and have high DOL
4 basic types of stratifcation systems
caste
estate
slave
class
what is caste system
social position ascribed at birth
estate system
ascribed by law or thru inheritance
eg; federal systems
slave systems
belief of ownership
class systems
achieved status, determined by wealth
difference between open and closed system
open- higher opportunity for transition between layers, possible to move to higher or lower position
closed- no movement from one rank to another
eg of closed system
caste
eg of open system
class
what are life chances
opportunities a person has to improve income and lifestyle
what is a social class
ppl who have approx the same amount of wealth and power
what is conflict theory
inequality in social systems us bad and is the result of people using their power to gain resources at the expense of others
what is synthesis
example of how both conflict theory and functionalism is helpful in understanding these system
classic functionalism
diff positions are rewarded differently
Class consciousness
is the awareness that different classes exist in society and that people’s fates are tied to the fate of their whole class.
Social status
The amount of honor and prestige a person receives from others in the community; also, the position one occupies in the stratification system
Structural functionalism
is self-regulating and self-maintaining. It consists of interrelated parts that serve a function in maintaining the system as a whol
