chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

inequality

A

unequal distribution of resources
exists in all societies

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2
Q

what is social differentiation

A

refers to the level of variation within a population

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3
Q

what is social stratification

A

refers to the categorization of groups by their resources
socialized into it

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4
Q

how do social stratification systems exist

A

as societies differentiate they create structures that are often unequal to some degree

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5
Q

population increase cause _ and _

A

social expansion and differentiation

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6
Q

in simple societies there is little _

A

divsion of labour

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7
Q

characteristics of little division of labour

A

all ppl preform similar tasks and posses simialr wealth

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8
Q

in complex societies there are _

A

wide divisions of labour

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9
Q

lenski differentiated which 5 basic types of societies

A

hunter gathere
simple horticulture
advanced horticulture
agrarian
industrial

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10
Q

characteristics of hunting and gathering societies

A

small societies that are nomadic, have no agriculture

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11
Q

characteristics of simple horticulture

A

grow food using veyr simple tools, such as sticks

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12
Q

what is advanced horticulture

A

farming with irrigation and fertilization to increase food supply

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13
Q

characteristics of agrarian societies

A

complex socities w farming and concentration of wealth in few ppl, found in europe

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14
Q

characteristics of industrial societies

A

great DOL, specialized work.

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15
Q

mechanical solidarity

A

simple societies held together by sameness since their is low DOL

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16
Q

what ir organic solidarity

A

complex societies hel together by difference and have high DOL

17
Q

4 basic types of stratifcation systems

A

caste
estate
slave
class

18
Q

what is caste system

A

social position ascribed at birth

19
Q

estate system

A

ascribed by law or thru inheritance
eg; federal systems

20
Q

slave systems

A

belief of ownership

21
Q

class systems

A

achieved status, determined by wealth

22
Q

difference between open and closed system

A

open- higher opportunity for transition between layers, possible to move to higher or lower position

closed- no movement from one rank to another

23
Q

eg of closed system

24
Q

eg of open system

25
what are life chances
opportunities a person has to improve income and lifestyle
26
what is a social class
ppl who have approx the same amount of wealth and power
27
what is conflict theory
inequality in social systems us bad and is the result of people using their power to gain resources at the expense of others
28
what is synthesis
example of how both conflict theory and functionalism is helpful in understanding these system
29
classic functionalism
diff positions are rewarded differently
30
Class consciousness
is the awareness that different classes exist in society and that people’s fates are tied to the fate of their whole class.
31
Social status
The amount of honor and prestige a person receives from others in the community; also, the position one occupies in the stratification system
32
Structural functionalism
is self-regulating and self-maintaining. It consists of interrelated parts that serve a function in maintaining the system as a whol