chapter 6 Flashcards
What is socialization
The process of kerning how to interact in a society by learning rules and expectations of society
T/F socialization is a life long process
True
What is the nature-nurture debate
A long-standing debate over whether behavior results from predetermined biological characteristics or from socialization
What is sociobiology
The study of the biological and genetic determinants of social behavior
What is an instinct
Biological or hereditary impulses drives or behaviours that require no learning or reasoning
Development of self
Through language and human interaction an ind. develops a self
What is self
Sense of ones identity as a person- is not there at birth
_ is key to development of self
Language
Symbolic interaction
Social process that occurs within and among ind. as a result of internalization of meanings and use of language
Role taking
Assuming roles of others and seeing world from their perspective
Example of role taking
Children playing house- taking in a role if a family member
What is play
A way of practicing role taking
In order to develop a sense of self, the child must learn to see others as
Generalized others
Generalized others
The assumption that other ppl have similar attitudes, values and beliefs and therefore it is unnecessary to know a specific ind. in order to know how to behave toward that ind.
What is the I
The acting unselfconscious person- I attend class
What is the me
Part of self that sees self as object and aware of society’s expectations of self - society expects me to go to class
What is the mind
Process of using a language and thinking - our own ability to think
Looking glass self was presented by
CH Cooley
3 aspects of looking glass self
1) how we think we appear to others
2) how we think others judge us
3) how we feel abt those judgments
What is the looking glass self
Process through which we develop our identity through imagining how we appear to others
Cooley noted that when we refer to ourselves we are usually referring to our looking glass and self end not physical being- arms legs etc T/F
True
What do Cooley and mead both argue
That interaction with others are what develops are sense of self
Difference between mead and Cooley
Mead= self was abt process of discovery and evolution
Cooley = based on emotion
What is the self fulfilling prophecy
Prediction that comes true bcs ppl believe it and act as though it were true
Example of self fulfilling prophecy
If students think they are being put down or perceived as unintelligent, they will give up on that subject
Hoffman was very interested in what
Presentation of self- how interaction begins
What is presentation of self
The way we present ourselves to others and how our presentation influenced others
How do we maintain self
Account or disclaimer
What is an account
An effort to maintain the self by explaining reasons for a behaviour
What is a disclaimer
An aspect of maintain our presentation of self by denying behaviour that contradicts how e wish it be viewed
Kohkbergs stage of moral development - preconventional
Act according to what authoritative figures expect- simply trying to avoid punishment
Conventional
Begin to review right and wrong in terms of what is socially acceptable, obeying law
Post conventional
Inds are more concerned with the right of ind. than with the laws of society
The most influential interaction occurs in particular groups referred to as
Agents of socialization
Family is the _ agent of socialization
Primary
Other agents of socialization
School, peer groups, media
Bits are expected to grow up to play while girls are expected go grow up to play
Instrumental roles, expressive roles
Instrumental roles
A role that emphasizes accomplishment of earning a living to provide food and shelter
Expressive roles
A role that emphasizes warmth and understanding
Resocialization
A new role or position in life that requires a dramatic shift in the attitudes values expectations learned in the past
Mortification of self
Stripping the self of all that characteristics of a past identity, including clothing, possessions, friends, roles, routines and so on Happens in jails and army
