chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is non material culture

A

symbols
language
values
beliefs
norms

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2
Q

what is material culture

A

influenced by culture
physical objects, books, technology etc

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3
Q

What is culture

A

a system of ideads, values, beliefs, norms and technology shared by almost everyone in a particular society

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4
Q

what is a society

A

a group of interacting individuals living in a specific geological area who share a common culture

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5
Q

Tempocentrism

A

belief that our own time is more important than past or future or that a certain decade is more important or better than another

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6
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the view that one’s own culture is superior to others and should be used as the standard against which other cultures are judged

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7
Q

xenocentrism

A

viewing another culture as better than ur own, or materialistic items

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8
Q

cultural relativism

A

the belief that cultures must be judged on their own terms rather than by standards of another culture
eg; greeting ppl

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9
Q

symbols

A

something used to represent sum else, flags, crosses, etc

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10
Q

most important set of symbols is

A

language

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11
Q

what is language

A

systemized use of speech and hearing to convey/express feelings and ideas
other media like music/art/dance is also communication

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12
Q

Sapir- Whorf hypothesis

A

that hypothesis that societies with diff languages perceive the world differently bcs their members interpret the world through the grammatical forms/labels and categories their language provides.

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13
Q

Values

A

ideas shared by the ppl in a society regarding what is important
- often emotionally charged; things worth defending
if u value monogamy, disapprove of those who are not

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14
Q

where are most of our values learned from

A

family, mass media, school, friends

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15
Q

what is value conflict

A

placing values on a hierarchy of importance and behaving in ways consistent w whats important
having to choose something conflicting, answer is what u value more

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16
Q

what is a learned cultural product

A

values

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17
Q

norms

A

elements of nonmaterial culture and are rules of conduct or social expectations
specify how ppl should and should not behave in social institutions

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18
Q

perspective

A

what they should do

19
Q

prospective

A

should not do

20
Q

William G. sumner identified what two types of norms

A

folkways and mores

21
Q

folkways

A

norms in that they provide rules for conduct; violations only bring mild censure
eg; eating food w hands instead of silverwear

22
Q

mores

A

more important than folkways; reactions to violation are serious
punishment results in prison, death, or ridicule

23
Q

taboos

A

mores that prohibit something from being talked abt, but does not affect others
eg; talking abt sex

24
Q

Material products

A

technology and artifacts

25
technology and its importance
knowledge gained by science in ways that influence all aspects of culture eg; food, clothing, housing
26
artificats
physical products
27
cultural lag
tendency for nonmaterial culture to lag behind material culture
28
where does culture come from
one answer is that cultures arise from agreements between people within a social system
29
the agreements formed that creates culture is called what
institutions
30
what is an institution
a stable cluster of values, norms, statuses and roles that develop around basic goals necessary for social systems to survive
31
what causes culture to change
changes over time due to social consensus or man made and natural events eg; laws changing due to an election or a disaster 9/11 changed culture
32
conflict theory
groups engage in social conflict to enact social change and is shaped by social experiences eg: blm
33
countercultures
groups that have rules values or beliefs that conflict w mainstream culture eg; being nudist
34
subcultures
groups of ppl who share the main culture of a society, but also have their own distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle eg; a member of a frat in a college
35
microdiscussion
culture is also an important elemnt of many ppls social identity
36
cultural universals
practices that exist in most or all societies, like families, tools, etc
37
herbert gans identifies which 3 taste cultures within larger cultures
high, folk, pop
38
what is high culture
ideas and materials of upper class, will attend finest restaurants
39
folk culture
culture of working class or ethnic groups
40
pop culture
trends, social activities and shared experiences of everyday ppl - halloween, baseball games
41
what is idea culture
norms and values ppl profess to follow
42
what is real culture
norms and values ppl actually follow
43
multiculturalism
respecting diff cultures within a society and honouring their unique contributions to a larger culture
44
ideoculture
knowledge and behaviours unique to a specific social group