chapter 4

Question 1

what is non material culture

Answer 1

symbols
language
values
beliefs
norms

Question 2

what is material culture

Answer 2

influenced by culture
physical objects, books, technology etc

Question 3

What is culture

Answer 3

a system of ideads, values, beliefs, norms and technology shared by almost everyone in a particular society

Question 4

what is a society

Answer 4

a group of interacting individuals living in a specific geological area who share a common culture

Question 5

Tempocentrism

Answer 5

belief that our own time is more important than past or future or that a certain decade is more important or better than another

Question 6

ethnocentrism

Answer 6

the view that one’s own culture is superior to others and should be used as the standard against which other cultures are judged

Question 7

xenocentrism

Answer 7

viewing another culture as better than ur own, or materialistic items

Question 8

cultural relativism

Answer 8

the belief that cultures must be judged on their own terms rather than by standards of another culture
eg; greeting ppl

Question 9

symbols

Answer 9

something used to represent sum else, flags, crosses, etc

Question 10

most important set of symbols is

Answer 10

language

Question 11

what is language

Answer 11

systemized use of speech and hearing to convey/express feelings and ideas
other media like music/art/dance is also communication

Question 12

Sapir- Whorf hypothesis

Answer 12

that hypothesis that societies with diff languages perceive the world differently bcs their members interpret the world through the grammatical forms/labels and categories their language provides.

Question 13

Values

Answer 13

ideas shared by the ppl in a society regarding what is important
- often emotionally charged; things worth defending
if u value monogamy, disapprove of those who are not

Question 14

where are most of our values learned from

Answer 14

family, mass media, school, friends

Question 15

what is value conflict

Answer 15

placing values on a hierarchy of importance and behaving in ways consistent w whats important
having to choose something conflicting, answer is what u value more

Question 16

what is a learned cultural product

Answer 16

values

Question 17

norms

Answer 17

elements of nonmaterial culture and are rules of conduct or social expectations
specify how ppl should and should not behave in social institutions

Question 18

perspective

Answer 18

what they should do

Question 19

prospective

Answer 19

should not do

Question 20

William G. sumner identified what two types of norms

Answer 20

folkways and mores

Question 21

folkways

Answer 21

norms in that they provide rules for conduct; violations only bring mild censure
eg; eating food w hands instead of silverwear

Question 22

mores

Answer 22

more important than folkways; reactions to violation are serious
punishment results in prison, death, or ridicule

Question 23

taboos

Answer 23

mores that prohibit something from being talked abt, but does not affect others
eg; talking abt sex

Question 24

Material products

Answer 24

technology and artifacts

Question 25

technology and its importance

Answer 25

knowledge gained by science in ways that influence all aspects of culture
eg; food, clothing, housing

Question 26

artificats

Answer 26

physical products

Question 27

cultural lag

Answer 27

tendency for nonmaterial culture to lag behind material culture

Question 28

where does culture come from

Answer 28

one answer is that cultures arise from agreements between people within a social system

Question 29

the agreements formed that creates culture is called what

Answer 29

institutions

Question 30

what is an institution

Answer 30

a stable cluster of values, norms, statuses and roles that develop around basic goals necessary for social systems to survive

Question 31

what causes culture to change

Answer 31

changes over time due to social consensus
or man made and natural events
eg; laws changing due to an election or a disaster
9/11 changed culture

Question 32

conflict theory

Answer 32

groups engage in social conflict to enact social change
and is shaped by social experiences eg: blm

Question 33

countercultures

Answer 33

groups that have rules values or beliefs that conflict w mainstream culture
eg; being nudist

Question 34

subcultures

Answer 34

groups of ppl who share the main culture of a society, but also have their own distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle
eg; a member of a frat in a college

Question 35

microdiscussion

Answer 35

culture is also an important elemnt of many ppls social identity

Question 36

cultural universals

Answer 36

practices that exist in most or all societies, like families, tools, etc

Question 37

herbert gans identifies which 3 taste cultures within larger cultures

Answer 37

high, folk, pop

Question 38

what is high culture

Answer 38

ideas and materials of upper class,
will attend finest restaurants

Question 39

folk culture

Answer 39

culture of working class or ethnic groups

Question 40

pop culture

Answer 40

trends, social activities and shared experiences of everyday ppl
- halloween, baseball games

Question 41

what is idea culture

Answer 41

norms and values ppl profess to follow

Question 42

what is real culture

Answer 42

norms and values ppl actually follow

Question 43

multiculturalism

Answer 43

respecting diff cultures within a society and honouring their unique contributions to a larger culture

Question 44

ideoculture

Answer 44

knowledge and behaviours unique to a specific social group