chapter 5 Flashcards
what makes a social structure
- social structure is created when humans interact and share culture
over time their interactions build structure
social instituitions
a stable culture ( values, norms, etc) that develops around basic goals necessary for social systems to survive
status
a defined position that an ind. occupies, can have prestige built in but does not mean prestige.
eg; judge, doctor, janitor.
status set
combination of statuses, occupying more than one
eg; student, daughter, friend, etc
Two main types of statuses
ascribed and achieved
ascribed status
what we are born into
eg; age, race, sex
achieved status
result of our own effort or action
eg; job status
what is social role
the social expectations or behaviours associated with a particular status
occupy status, play a role
role ambiguity
expectation of a status is not clear
role strain
one role causes multiple stresses
role conflict
demands associated w two or more statuses interfere
must work to attend college, too tired to study
Exchange- social interaction
most common type
intent of receiving a reward
eg; working for paycheck, receiving a smile
cooperation
ind work together to achieve a common goal
competition
learn early on to compete for grades, jobs, trophies
conflict
attempting to control behaviours
coercion
threat of force or violence to control actions of others
what is a group
fundamental part of social structure, can be as small as 2 ppl
non social groups
statistical and categroical
statistical group
not formed by group members, formed by sociologists/examiners, members are unaware
categorical group
ppl who have common characteristic but do not interact
eg; blondes, children
semi social groups
aggregate, associational group
aggregate
a group of ppl who work together in one place and socialize very little
eg; ppl waiting in line
associational
group of ppl who join together to pursue a common interest in an organized way
eg; volleyball team
social group
a group in which ppl socially interact, has structure, senes of membership, shared values and goals.
primary group
a small informal group of ppl who interact in a personal direct way
eg; family and friends
secondary group
a group in which members interact impersonally, have few emotional ties and come together for a specific purpose
eg; classroom groups, neighbourhoods
in group
a social category to which ppl feel like they belong and in which members share a consciousness
- usually somebody’s primary group
out group
to which ppl feel like they dont belong
peer group
group of ppl who share a similar status and usually similar age
unique aspect= roughly equal in importance
refernce group
who inspire our choices and who we think abt when making comparisons
eg; close friends
can be neg or positive
social network
the links or ties between ppl in a set of relationships
- weak ties are not bad, helps branch outside of primary group- more opportunities
formal organizations
deliberately constructed groups and structural arrangements organized to achieve certain clearly stated goals
bureaucracy
a hierarchical formally organized structural arrangements of an organization based on division of label and authourity
