chapter 5

Question 1

what makes a social structure

Answer 1

• social structure is created when humans interact and share culture
  over time their interactions build structure

Question 2

social instituitions

Answer 2

a stable culture ( values, norms, etc) that develops around basic goals necessary for social systems to survive

Question 3

status

Answer 3

a defined position that an ind. occupies, can have prestige built in but does not mean prestige.
eg; judge, doctor, janitor.

Question 4

status set

Answer 4

combination of statuses, occupying more than one
eg; student, daughter, friend, etc

Question 5

Two main types of statuses

Answer 5

ascribed and achieved

Question 6

ascribed status

Answer 6

what we are born into
eg; age, race, sex

Question 7

achieved status

Answer 7

result of our own effort or action
eg; job status

Question 8

what is social role

Answer 8

the social expectations or behaviours associated with a particular status
occupy status, play a role

Question 9

role ambiguity

Answer 9

expectation of a status is not clear

Question 10

role strain

Answer 10

one role causes multiple stresses

Question 11

role conflict

Answer 11

demands associated w two or more statuses interfere
must work to attend college, too tired to study

Question 12

Exchange- social interaction

Answer 12

most common type
intent of receiving a reward
eg; working for paycheck, receiving a smile

Question 13

cooperation

Answer 13

ind work together to achieve a common goal

Question 14

competition

Answer 14

learn early on to compete for grades, jobs, trophies

Question 15

conflict

Answer 15

attempting to control behaviours

Question 16

coercion

Answer 16

threat of force or violence to control actions of others

Question 17

what is a group

Answer 17

fundamental part of social structure, can be as small as 2 ppl

Question 18

non social groups

Answer 18

statistical and categroical

Question 19

statistical group

Answer 19

not formed by group members, formed by sociologists/examiners, members are unaware

Question 20

categorical group

Answer 20

ppl who have common characteristic but do not interact
eg; blondes, children

Question 21

semi social groups

Answer 21

aggregate, associational group

Question 22

aggregate

Answer 22

a group of ppl who work together in one place and socialize very little
eg; ppl waiting in line

Question 23

associational

Answer 23

group of ppl who join together to pursue a common interest in an organized way
eg; volleyball team

Question 24

social group

Answer 24

a group in which ppl socially interact, has structure, senes of membership, shared values and goals.

Question 25

primary group

Answer 25

a small informal group of ppl who interact in a personal direct way
eg; family and friends

Question 26

secondary group

Answer 26

a group in which members interact impersonally, have few emotional ties and come together for a specific purpose
eg; classroom groups, neighbourhoods

Question 27

in group

Answer 27

a social category to which ppl feel like they belong and in which members share a consciousness
- usually somebody’s primary group

Question 28

out group

Answer 28

to which ppl feel like they dont belong

Question 29

peer group

Answer 29

group of ppl who share a similar status and usually similar age
unique aspect= roughly equal in importance

Question 30

refernce group

Answer 30

who inspire our choices and who we think abt when making comparisons
eg; close friends
can be neg or positive

Question 31

social network

Answer 31

the links or ties between ppl in a set of relationships
- weak ties are not bad, helps branch outside of primary group- more opportunities

Question 32

formal organizations

Answer 32

deliberately constructed groups and structural arrangements organized to achieve certain clearly stated goals

Question 33

bureaucracy

Answer 33

a hierarchical formally organized structural arrangements of an organization based on division of label and authourity