Chapter 8

Question 1

axial skeleton is composed of the bones along

Answer 1

the central axis of the body.
head, neck, trunk

Question 2

The appendicular skeleton is the skeleton of

Answer 2

the upper and lower limbs; the appendages. It also contains the girdles, bones that keep the limbs into place. Pelvic is for lower limbs, pectoral for upper limbs.

Question 3

Bone markings

Answer 3

are distinctive surface features that characterize each bone in the body.

Question 4

Articulating surfaces are

Answer 4

generally smooth areas between adjacent bones.

Question 5

Depressions

Answer 5

provide space for a bony articulation, muscular structure, or other body component.

Question 6

Projections

Answer 6

mark the points where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach.

Question 7

Openings and spaces

Answer 7

indicate sites for passageways for vessels and nerves.

Question 8

Fontanelles

Answer 8

are regions of dense regular connective tissue interconnected with the cranial bones. Infantile cranial bones are not large enough to fully enclose the brain, so these regions provide extra protection.

Question 9

Herniated disc

Answer 9

occurs when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through the anulus fibrosus, creating a bulging of the disc which can cause compression of the spinal cord, nerves of the spinal cord, or both.

Question 10

Bunion is

Answer 10

a localized swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint. These are caused by shoes that are too tight and are the most common foot problem.

Question 11

Pes planus is

Answer 11

where the medial longitudinal arch is flattened and the entire sole of the foot touches the ground. Often caused by excessive weight, issues with posture, or weakened supportive tissue.

Question 12

Pes cavus is

Answer 12

excessively high lateral longitudinal arches.

Question 13

Talipes equinovarus

Answer 13

is when the feet are permanently inverted from lack of room to grow during gestation.