Chapter 8 Flashcards
Moro Reflex
baby spreads limbs like photosynthesis from Spongebob
Differentiation
from diffuse to specific
Communicative emotions
children’s emotions are especially communicative as they look to their caregiver for direction and understanding
Infancy characteristics
crying; signals distress, and is contagious
Messenger’s study
infants don’t really differentiate between negative emotions
smiling is differentiated at 2-4 months old
Social smiling
children begin smiling at those who smile at them between 2-4 months (newborns is due to REM sleep)
Oster et al’s study
participants viewed babies @ 7 mo:
- more than 70% accuracy for joy and happiness
- negative emotions were only slightly better than chance sometimes
Camera et al’s Study
11 mo children had their emotions elicited by restraining children gently and doing the gorilla mask experiment
- negative emotions weren’t differentiable by FACS
Sternberg + Campos’s Study
1mo, 4mo, 7mo being restrained, slight differentiation of attention
- 1mo cheeks raised, distressed
- 4mo looks at arms, some anger
- 7mo looks @ experimenter/parent, more prototypical anger
Wakely et al’s Study
5mo; how long a baby look @ an impossible physical situation; they stare, but don’t show surprise until later
Physical maturation
increase in age, increase in sensory and motor capacities
Cognitive maturation
increase in ability to cognitively interpret and appraise events
Dahl et al’s Study
young children provided sensory cues that they won’t fall don’t show fear until they’ve crawled for a bit
- used babies who were about to crawl but hadn’t started yet into go carts to navigate or not
- the babies who got to navigate showed fear of heights, showing control of movement catalyses some kind of emotional development
Intersubjectivity (9mo)
ability to anticipate what others are feeling
Social inferencing (9mo)
looking @ expressions of caregivers before responding to novelty
Progression of Facial Recognition
happy, then angry + sad, then fear+ surprise, then disgust
Keller + Otto’s Study
German parents want children to feel positive emotions, and negative emotions are attributed to something being a problem and remove the issue (emotional regulation is not a goal!)
Nso Community in Cameroon
calm children who are soothed/regulated by breastfeeding, where they’re expected to control their emotions by 3yo
- these children are genuinely calm when in the strange situation
Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
pattern of knowledge to seek novelty peaks at adolescence, but seeking comfort peaks in older adulthood
