Chapter 13: Individual Differences in Emotions Flashcards
US Sample highlights
- men report more happiness
- women report more negative emotions
- men and women had same frequency of emotions in general
Children Metanalysis
- females showed more positive emotions in childhood and adolescence
- internalising differences disappeared by adolescence
- externalising switched to adolescent females after adolescnce
- overal negative facial expressions were highest in girls after adolescence (teen years??)
LaFrance et al’s Study (smiling)
- differences are most pronounced with unfamiliar social partners
- largest effect for teenagers
- largest effects for equal-power partners
Aldao et al’s Study
- women reported ruminating + using secondary control strategies, which is contradictory
Primary vs Secondary Control Strategies
primary: change the situation around you
secondary: change the way you think and interact with the situation
Frontal Lobe Assymetry
left: approach motivation
right: avoidance motivation
Hecht and LaFrance’s Study
same-sex dyads
- women smiled more than men regardless of status
- difference was eliminated when comparing high status men and women
- smiling was no longer correlated with positive feelings when the person was in the “interviewee” role
OCEAN
Open-mindedness to new experiences
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeability
Neuroticism
O
high dispositional positive affect (even when controlling for the other 4)
C
report more joy, contentment, and pride
- stronger senes of emotional regulation and control
E
linked to positive emotions, and more reward driven
- higher positive reactivity
A
highly linked with positive emotions, better at emotional regulation
- more intense interpersonal emotions
N
linked with negative emotions; reliance on wishful thinking and withdrawal
