Chapter 14: Emotion in Clinical Psychology Flashcards
DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
- published by the APA (the psychiatrist one!!)
Baksbat
remember, different!
feeling of the soul leaving, feeling in the neck
WEIRD: PTSD
HiTOP
a factored analysis of all symptoms and how they relate to one another, and how they trickle down into categories
Major Depressive Disorder
2 weeks, nearly every day, loss of interest/depressed mood
- sleep impairment, appetite change/weight change, suicidal ideations, worthlessness, agitation, inactivity, anhedonia
Pe et al’s Study
- once depression is achieved, it has emotional inertia
- less emotional differentiation/emotional network density increases
- greater mood brightening
Different “Types” of Depression? (4)
Anxious
Melancholic
Atypical
Psychotic
Depression network
within 3 degrees of separation, depression probability is increased
Appraisal Theory
maladaptive ways of thinking about the world increases likelihood of depression
Attribution hypothesis
the way that one interprets the outcome of something determines if it will lead to feelings of depression
Attribution Styles
External
Internal
Unstable
External attribution
blaming something outside of oneself, unlikely to lead to depression
Internal Attribution
global, stable assumptions about oneself, likely to lead to depression
Unstable Attribution
current condition has provided outcome, but it’s not a reflection of what you can potentially do later, productive, not likely to lead to depression
Reformulated Helplessness Theory (4)
- aversive event(s)
- internal, stable, global attributions
- sense of helplessness
- depression
Explanatory Style
how a person accounts for their failures, especially when the explanation isn’t obvious to them
- pessimistic vs optimistic
Dysfunctional attitude
unrealistic beliefs about what one must do/accomplish to be satisfactory
Seligman et al’s Study
shocking the dogs! :(
Learned helplessness
uncontrollable aversive event, feeling of low/no control, leading to depression
Treatments for Depression
CBT
DBT
Tricyclics
New experiences and going to bed/exercising
Bipolar Disorder
characterised by episodes of depression alternating with episodes of mania
- lithium salts and antiseizure med
Anxiety Disorders (5)
PTSD
GAD
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Agoraphobia
Anxiety Disorders (key characteristics)
- biological preparedness
- anxiety sensitivity (bodily sensations worry them)
- physio arousal
- tuning of attention
- catastrophic thinking
Anxiety Disorders Etiology
- epigenetics
- smaller serotonin transporter gene making them more prone to shock/anxiety but also emotional cues in general
- genetics??
Anxiety Disorder Treatments
- CBT
- anxiolytics/tranquilisers
- antidepressants
- exposure therapy
OCD
obsessions and compulsions
Antisocial Personality Disorder
characterised by lack of remorse when knowingly viilating anohter person
Emotion in psych
OCD = guilt
Depression = sadness
GAD = anxiety
