Chapter 10: Emotion and Cognition

Question 1

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 1

a medium amount of arousal is optimal for high performance

Question 2

Cognition

Answer 2

includes memory, reasoning, decision-making, knowing, awareness, conceiving, reasoning, imagining, and problem-solving

Question 3

Traditionally Identified Components of the Brain

Answer 3

Affect, cognition, and volition

Question 4

Aaron Beck

Answer 4

father of CBT

Question 5

Attention to Images

Answer 5

• Depressed people tend to look at unpleasant images longer than those who aren’t depressed
• Lingering on images that are emotional

Question 6

Broaden-and-Build Hypothesis

Answer 6

positive emotions allow you to survey an environment and notice opportunities you may have missed otherwise
- letters inside the letter or shape of letter
- also dictated by approach-avoidance

Question 7

Semantic priming

Answer 7

conceptual activation of potentially related concepts

Question 8

Encoding

Answer 8

the initial formation of a memory

Question 9

Margaret Bradley et al’s Study

Answer 9

60 images from neutral to highly emotional
- high skin conductance for emotional
- remembered the highly arousing photos whether they were positive or negative, even a year later

Question 10

Cahill et al’s Study

Answer 10

group was given a beta-blocker or placebo, then the boy car crash, father’s a doctor stories
- those w placebo + had seen the car crash version scored higher on the details of the story than the beta-blocker group

Question 11

Flashbulb memories

Answer 11

memories that have a clear, almost photographic quality, and are usually high emotion and have at least moderate importance

Question 12

Consolidation

Answer 12

development of long term memories
- amygdala, activation, memory

Question 13

Synaptic tag-and-capture Hypothesis

Answer 13

when you form a memory, your brain tags it for consolidation later, and an event that follows can tag it as importance

Question 14

Dunsmoor’s Study

Answer 14

looking at pictures, shocked for either tools or animals, and when asked to recall later, remembered the one they were shocked for

Question 15

Schema-guided view

Answer 15

people in positive moods are more likely to fill in the blanks on a cultural script

Question 16

State-dependent retrival

Answer 16

more likely to remember emotional memories that match one’s emotional state

Question 17

Retrieval induced forgetting

Answer 17

attention not equally directed towards all relevant goals can induce forgetting

Question 18

Gasper et al’s Study

Answer 18

serial reproduction; mask reproduction line, with questionnaires in between
- the happy group’s drawings became more face like
- sad group’s didn’t

Question 19

Kelter et al’s Study

Answer 19

sad or angry induction before the crush comes to the party with a date story
- sad = blamed it on luck
- angry = blamed it on others

Question 20

Systematic cognition

Answer 20

relying on collecting relevant information and evaluating logically

Question 21

Heuristic cognition

Answer 21

relying on easy, superficial considerations and generalisations, and stereotypes

Question 22

Affect Infusion Model

Answer 22

where mood affects the judgements and conclusions that someone makes

Question 23

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

Answer 23

you take options, imagine what emotion they would elicit, and then choose between them

Question 24

Wilson et al’s Study

Answer 24

choosing poster; those who didn’t write about it were happier and thought it was the right choice to make
- mayb buyers’ regret
- tangible things don’t = satisfying/likeable

Question 25

Guilt

Answer 25

more harm by commission than harm by ommission