Chapter 10: Emotion and Cognition Flashcards
Yerkes-Dodson Law
a medium amount of arousal is optimal for high performance
Cognition
includes memory, reasoning, decision-making, knowing, awareness, conceiving, reasoning, imagining, and problem-solving
Traditionally Identified Components of the Brain
Affect, cognition, and volition
Aaron Beck
father of CBT
Attention to Images
- Depressed people tend to look at unpleasant images longer than those who aren’t depressed
- Lingering on images that are emotional
Broaden-and-Build Hypothesis
positive emotions allow you to survey an environment and notice opportunities you may have missed otherwise
- letters inside the letter or shape of letter
- also dictated by approach-avoidance
Semantic priming
conceptual activation of potentially related concepts
Encoding
the initial formation of a memory
Margaret Bradley et al’s Study
60 images from neutral to highly emotional
- high skin conductance for emotional
- remembered the highly arousing photos whether they were positive or negative, even a year later
Cahill et al’s Study
group was given a beta-blocker or placebo, then the boy car crash, father’s a doctor stories
- those w placebo + had seen the car crash version scored higher on the details of the story than the beta-blocker group
Flashbulb memories
memories that have a clear, almost photographic quality, and are usually high emotion and have at least moderate importance
Consolidation
development of long term memories
- amygdala, activation, memory
Synaptic tag-and-capture Hypothesis
when you form a memory, your brain tags it for consolidation later, and an event that follows can tag it as importance
Dunsmoor’s Study
looking at pictures, shocked for either tools or animals, and when asked to recall later, remembered the one they were shocked for
Schema-guided view
people in positive moods are more likely to fill in the blanks on a cultural script
State-dependent retrival
more likely to remember emotional memories that match one’s emotional state
Retrieval induced forgetting
attention not equally directed towards all relevant goals can induce forgetting
Gasper et al’s Study
serial reproduction; mask reproduction line, with questionnaires in between
- the happy group’s drawings became more face like
- sad group’s didn’t
Kelter et al’s Study
sad or angry induction before the crush comes to the party with a date story
- sad = blamed it on luck
- angry = blamed it on others
Systematic cognition
relying on collecting relevant information and evaluating logically
Heuristic cognition
relying on easy, superficial considerations and generalisations, and stereotypes
Affect Infusion Model
where mood affects the judgements and conclusions that someone makes
Somatic Marker Hypothesis
you take options, imagine what emotion they would elicit, and then choose between them
Wilson et al’s Study
choosing poster; those who didn’t write about it were happier and thought it was the right choice to make
- mayb buyers’ regret
- tangible things don’t = satisfying/likeable
Guilt
more harm by commission than harm by ommission
