Chapter 15: Emotion Regulation Flashcards
Emotion regulation
strategies used to control which emotions a person experiences, when they experience them, and how intense
Coping
attempts to reduce negative emotions
Valiant categories for Freud’s Defense Mechanisms
psychotic
neurotic
mature
immature
Psychotic Defense Mechanisms
disconnection with reality
- denial
Neurotic Defense Mechanisms
relieves anxiety but doesn’t deal with the issue
- displacement
- intellectualisation
- reaction formation
- repression
Immature Defense Mechanisms
inaccurate interpretations/implausible solutions
- projection, fantasy
Mature Defense Mechanisms
promote constructive and pro-social behaviour
- sublimation
- suppression
Gross’s Process Model of Emotion Regulation
assumption of a certain flow from experience, attention, appraisal, emotional feelings, and response
- situation-focused
- cognition-focused
- response-focused
Situation-Focused Strategies (2)
- situation selection
- situation modification
Psychological inoculation
practicing mild versions of. stressor to facilitate preparatory behaviours and a positive attitude for well-being
Chilean Mapuche Study
when children are upset, they hug an araucaria tree; they become calm!
Cognition-Focused Strategies (2)
- attentional control
- distraction
- cognitive reappraisal
- cognitive restructuring
Ayduk’s Study
remember when you were rejected?? try to remember the wall colour lmao
Cognitive reappraisal
thinking about an event/stimulus in a different way to change the emotional response to it
Cognitive restructuring
changing the way one thinks about larger emotional issues/recurring situations
Cognitive Reappraisal Warning!!
When you have control, this is associated with poorer psych outcomes!!
Positive Appraisal
seeing the good in a bad situation
- resilient people report using this strat more than the other groups
Russians vs Americans
- reinterpretation and distance made the experience less distressing for Russians
Categories of Cognitive Reappraisal (5)
- detached
- positive
- humour
- perspective taking
- forgiveness
Response-Focused Strategies (6)
- drugs, food, alcohol
- suppression
- catharsis
- rumination
- relaxation
- exercise
Emotional Labor
service with a smile
- causes errors
- activation of amygdala and insula
Suppression
linked with divorce and heart disease!!
not really good lol
Gross’s leg amputation study
Srivastava’s study on college students
Executive control
effortful control over thoughts and attention
Biology of Emotional Regulation
- prefrontal cortex is very active
- decreased activation of right amygdala and hypothalamus
- reappraisal activates seconds after a stimulus, but suppression is delayed
Emotional Social Support
how a social network can provide support
Instrumental Support
how your social network can benefit you by doing or offering x (not same as emotional support, more like problem solving)
Social Identity Theory
social identity
in or outgroup?
optimum distinctiveness
Optimum Distinctiveness
to be different enough that one isn’t mistaken for someone in the outgroup
- sometimes includes dropping things the outgroup adopts
Intergroup emotions
can be attitudinal (long-term) or short term
- don’t always affect the individual
- independent from personal emotions
- regulating group-relevant behaviour
- intergroup comparisons (satisfied or dissatisfied)
Hatred
most associated with the appraisal of the other as stably malevolent, immoral, and malicious
- has the action tendencies to harm/annihilate physically, mentally, socially
Interpersonal hatred
hatred between people in close relationships, and it tends to linger
Intergroup Hatred
requires clear distinctions between in and outgroup, and is often subjected to a negative feedback loop between hatred and homogeneity
Spreading Hate
- interpersonal sharing
- collective victimhood
- personal contact not necessary
