Chapter 8

Question 1

Modeling and Imitation

Answer 1

Used for desired and undesired behaviours
* Uses cognitive processes for learning
* New behaviours
* Learning is immediate, but performing the behaviour learned can be delayed: imitation does not always immediately follow the model’s behaviour
Vicarious consequences are also learned through
observing reinforcement or punishment of the model
That behaviour is then reinforced/not reinforced in the
person imitating it when performed later
“Influencers” are effective models (maybe not “good”
role models)

Question 2

modeling vs shaping

Answer 2

Shaping – develops one response
class at a time
Modeling – observe the full
behavioural sequence at once
* Better for learning complex behaviours
* Adding instructions helps facilitate
imitation of the response
* Also called observational learning

Question 3

Modeling + Positive Reinforcement

Answer 3

Modeled Stimulus (Sm) – the model’s
performance of the response to be imitated
* Response doesn’t have to be an exact imitation
to receive the positive reinforcer (reinforced
effort)
* May need to help physically guide (tying
shoelaces)
* Both verbal and non-verbal learning
* Can fade out the modeling stimulus over time

Question 4

Social Skills Training

Answer 4

• Model Presentation
• Behavioural Rehearsal
• Coaching and Prompting
• Behavioural Assignments
• Positive Reinforcement
• Both verbal and non-verbal

Question 5

Social Skills Interventions

Answer 5

Social Skills Training
* Individual Skills
* Self-monitoring
* Social perspective taking
* Conversational skills
* Facial affect recognition and interpretation
* Body Language
* Group social skills using role modeling and role play
* Assertiveness training – dealing with bullying & teasing
* Cooperative skills, friendship management
* Conflict management
Techniques
* Instruction/Education
* Behavioral rehearsal
* Corrective feedback
* Positive reinforcement
* Homework assignments

Question 6

Assertiveness Training

Answer 6

Anxiety reduction strategies
* Aggressive behaviours can be reinforced
for getting their way
* Help the person discriminate between
appropriate/inappropriate responses in
various settings