Chapter 11 Flashcards
Respondent
Conditioning/
Classical
Conditioning
A response is triggered by a preceding (antecedent) stimulus
Unconditioned Response
* Physiological responses (eye blink, tears from debris, heart rate, salivation)
Conditioned Response
* After being paired with an unconditioned response, an antecedent stimulus can produce a conditioned response
* Best if presented overlapping (within 5 seconds)
Respondent Conditioning
Examples
Little Albert
Response Conditioning
Strength
* Measured by:
* magnitude/size
* latency/interval
between CS→CR
Extinction
* If US and CS aren’t
presented together
periodically, then the
strength of the response
will decrease over time
* Spontaneous recovery
can still happen
(especially if similar
conditions)
Generalization
* The closer the stimuli is
to the CS, then more
likely to get a CR
* Example: PTSD
PTSD symptoms
June 2018, the Government of Canada
enacted the Federal Framework on PostTraumatic Stress Disorder Act (the Act),
which called for the development of
a Federal Framework on PTSD (the
Framework).
Emotional Behaviour
Fight and Flight (Sympathetic)
- Emotional response →changes in HR, BP, sweat,
stomach and bowel activities
Rest and Digest (Parasympathetic)
- Calm emotional state
Fear gone awry
YERKES-DODSON Law
Maintenance of Fear – Phobias and Panic
Disorder
The cognitive cycle
Anxiety Maintenance vs
Extinction
exposure/time vs anxiety
US, CS, CR-CS
How does avoidance coping inadvertently strengthen this relationship
Respondent
vs Operant
Does the response come AFTER a stimuli (antecedent)?
* Respondent (“involuntary”)
Does the response come BEFORE the stimuli (consequence)
* Operant (“voluntary”)
- Antecedents = environmental stimuli (controlling conditions)
- Behaviour = target behaviour
- Consequences = response after that then increases/decreases
behaviour
= ABCs of behaviour
Biofeedback
Mind-body techniques
* Information from the 5 senses are used to modify physiological
responses (e.g., HR, BP, muscle tension, skin temperature)
* Respondent behaviours become operantly conditioned through
feedback learning
- EMG (electromyographic) - muscles
- HRV (heart rate variability) - heart
- ECG (electrocardiogram) - heart
- EEG (electroencephalograph) - brain
- EDA (electrodermograph) – skin conduction (sweat)
- Thermometer - temperature
Behavioural Medicine
Influences behaviour on
health conditions
Interdisciplinary field:
Sociocultural
Psychosocial
Behavioural
Biomedical
Goals:
Increasing self-management
Coping/adjustment
Resiliency
Pain and Medical Procedures
mHealth tools
Pain Management
Antecedents = the stimuli from environment (controlling conditions)
* Stimulation of nervous system’s pain receptors
* Cognitive behaviours – negative self-talk
Behaviour = target behaviour
* Avoidance of activities associate with pain
Consequences = response after that increases/decreases behaviour
* Positive reinforcement (attention)
* Negative reinforcement (removal of demands – work/school)
= ABCs of behaviour
Pain Management –
Gate Control Theory of Pain
Gate open: All pain signals come through to the
brain. Good for acute injuries. Chronic pain: not
good to have it fully open.
Gate Openers: Hypervigilance, elevated fightand-flight responses, poor stress management.
Gate Partially Open: some pain signals get into the
brain, but at a slower pace. Lessens the pain
Gate Closed: Pain signals not getting to brain, and don’t
feel any pain, even if the signals are there.
Gate Closers: Distraction, rest-and-digest responses,
calming strategies, effective support from others
Pain Management and CBT
Cognitive strategies: self-instruction
training about worry
* Behavioural strategies: stress
management, biofeedback,
progressive muscle relaxation,
exposure and response prevention
* Emotional strategies: increased
social support, coping strategies for
negative emotions/pain tolerance
