Chapter 12 Flashcards
Problem-Solving
Framework
- Intake: Develop a collaborative relationship with a client
* Active participation of the client - Behavioural Assessment: Assess the problem & develop a
hypothesis
* Controlling conditions (antecedents & consequences) - Goal Setting: Formulate behaviour change goals
* Target behavior must be measurable - Intervention Planning: Design an individualized plan
* Evidence-based, culturally aware, ethically sound - Implementation: Implement the behaviour change program
- Evaluation: Monitor and evaluate the effects of the program
- Generalization and maintenance of the program
Generalization
&
Maintenance
Generalization: Transfer of
behaviour change from a practice
setting to the client’s natural
environment.
Maintenance: Durability of
behaviour change over time.
Need to think of both when
designing Intervention Plans.
Obstacles to
Generalization & Maintenance
- Insufficient reinforcement for the desired responses
in the client’s natural environment (extinction
happens). - Reinforcement of the client’s problem response in
the natural environment (competing demands). - Lack of similarity between the practice environment
and the client’s natural environment (doesn’t mimic
environment). - Insufficient development of the desired behaviours
in the practice setting (lack of rehearsal).
Ten Strategies to
Promote
Generalization
and Maintenance
1&2
1. Involve significant individuals in
the client’s life, such as family
members and friends, in the
behaviour change program.
#2. Shift from continuous
reinforcement to intermittent
reinforcement of desired behaviours
that were established in the practice
setting.
Ten Strategies to
Promote
Generalization
and Maintenance
3&4
3. Develop and reinforce desired
behaviours in the client’s natural
environment instead of (or in addition
to) the practice setting.
#4. Use behaviour rehearsal to give
the client opportunities to practice
appropriate behaviours until the
desired performance level is achieved.
Ten Strategies to
Promote
Generalization
and Maintenance
5&6
5. Give the client behavioural
assignments to perform in the natural
environment that include behaviours
rehearsed in the practice setting.
#6. Assess potential obstacles to client
adherence with the intervention plan
and involve the client in removing
those obstacles.
Ten Strategies to
Promote
Generalization and
Maintenance
7&8
7 educate the client on relapse prevention strategies
#8 collaborate with other professionals, to develop opportunities for the client to perform and be reinforced for desired behaviours (comprehensive discharge plan)
*Relapse Prevention Steps:
Identify high risk situations.
Problem-solve a plan.
Rehearse these coping skills in these high risk situations.
Discuss plan if there is a lapse (one-time only).
Consider the use of booster sessions.
Ten Strategies
to Promote
Generalization
and
Maintenance
9&10
9. Include self
-management
or self
-control contingencies
as part of the behaviour
change program.
#10. Design intervention plans
to take advantage of naturally
occurring reinforcers in the
client’s environment
Resilience
Attitudes and skills that
enable an individual to
recover from adverse or
traumatic experiences.
* To cope effectively in the
presence of risk and
adversity
Circles and trauma
How do you experience your trauma?
PTSD Treatment:
Child/Adolescents
PRAC
T
ICE
PTSD - Adults
CPT
6 Domains of
Resilience
Physical
* Behavioural
* Interpersonal
* Emotional
* Cognitive
* Spiritual
+ Ethnic identity – ethnic pride, bicultural
competence, validation of cultural and ethnic factors
American
Psychological
Association (2013)
The Road to
Resilience
Resilience:
→ It is not a personality trait.
→ It is one’s behaviors, thoughts and actions.
→ It can be learned.
