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Life Science 7 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

Fish, Reptiles, and Amphibians

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are animals that regulate their blood temperature by external means?

A

Cold-blooded

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2
Q

What group of fish has webbed rays attached to the body by a lobe (a single bone surrounded by muscle)?

A

Lobe-finned fish

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3
Q

What are overlapping bony plates that protrude from the fish’s skin?

A

Scales

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4
Q

What are the w-shaped bands of muscle in a fish?

A

Myomeres

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5
Q

What is the hard, movable plate that protects and covers all the delicate gill structures?

A

Operculum

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6
Q

What is the fish that can best survive on land (for up to three days)?

A

Mudskipper

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7
Q

What is the system of nerve endings that extend over the fish’s head and sides and allow for sensing vibration and pressure changes?

A

Lateral line

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8
Q

What is the process of fish reproduction in which the female lays large quantities of eggs in the water?

A

Spawning

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9
Q

What is the scientific term for fish eggs?

A

Roe

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10
Q

What is the fluid released by a male fish onto the roe?

A

Milt

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11
Q

What is the term for fish that give birth to live young?

A

Livebearers

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12
Q

What is the large, gas-filled organ that allows the fish to stay suspended in any depth of water?

A

Swim bladder

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13
Q

What is the term for the current generating cells inside the electric organ of electric fish?

A

Electrocytes

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14
Q

What is the light producing organ in certain fish?

A

Photophore

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15
Q

What are the two classes of cartilaginous fish?

A

Chondrichthyes and Cyclostomata

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16
Q

What are the placoid scales that cover sharks and make them feel like sandpaper?

A

Denticles

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17
Q

What are the paired holes for inhalation behind the eyes of sharks?

A

Spiracles

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18
Q

What is the protective case in which sharks lay their eggs called?

A

Mermaid’s purse

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19
Q

What is the largest carnivorous fish?

A

Great white shark

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20
Q

What is the unusual looking shark?

A

Hammerhead shark

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21
Q

What shark is the only known shark that comes to the surface to gulp air?

A

Sand tiger shark

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22
Q

What is the largest known fish?

A

Whale shark

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23
Q

What is the category of cartilaginous fish with flattened bodies?

A

Rays (also called batoids)

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24
Q

What is the group of cartilaginous fish that has two dorsal fins near the tip of the tail and lays eggs?

A

Skates

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25
Q

What type of cartilaginous fish has an unusual nose?

A

Sawfish

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26
Q

What is the name of a sawfish’s unusual nose?

A

Rostrum

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27
Q

What is the group of fish that has only one gill opening that is covered by an operculum?

A

Chimaera

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28
Q

What is the cartilaginous fish with pore-like gill openings?

A

Hagfish

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29
Q

Hagfish have pores along the side of their bodies that excrete proteins produced by what glands?

A

Slime glands

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30
Q

What is the protective layer inside reptile eggs?

A

Amnion

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31
Q

What is the most numerous group of reptiles?

A

Lizards

32
Q

What is the name of the color changing cells that give lizards the ability to change color?

A

Chromatophores

33
Q

What is the term that means to grow back?

A

Regenerates

34
Q

What is the largest of all living lizards?

A

Komodo dragon

35
Q

What are small, flat-bodied lizards with adhesive toe pads?

A

Geckos

36
Q

What is the immovable, transparent eye covering that geckos have instead of eyelids?

A

Spectacle

37
Q

What type of lizards have ornamental crests, frills, and throat fans?

A

Iguanids

38
Q

What is the term for throat fans that iguanids have?

A

Dewlaps

39
Q

What is the snake movement that looks like an accordion?

A

Concertina movement

40
Q

What is the snake movement commonly used on sandy ground with only two or three points of contact?

A

Sidewinding movement

41
Q

What is special about the jaws of snakes?

A

They are double-hinged.

42
Q

What type of snake venom affects the circulatory system by causing the red blood cells to burst?

A

Hemotoxic venom

43
Q

What is medicine designed to counteract snake venom?

A

Antivenin

44
Q

What venomous snakes have immovable fangs?

A

Elapids

45
Q

What are the best-known elapids?

A

Cobras

46
Q

The most common North and South American elapids are in which family?

A

Coral snakes

47
Q

What is the saying to distinguish between scarlet king snakes and coral snakes?

A

Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack.

48
Q

What venomous snake family has fangs that fold back along the roof of their mouths?

A

Viper family

49
Q

What organ has a membrane that can detect minute temperature changes?

A

Pit organ

50
Q

What are slow-moving snakes that coil around prey and squeeze?

A

Constrictors

51
Q

What is the largest snake in the world?

A

Giant anaconda

52
Q

What is the largest group of snakes?

A

Colubrids

53
Q

What are the world’s smallest snakes?

A

Blind snakes

54
Q

What is the lower part of a turtle’s shell?

A

Plastron

55
Q

What is the upper part of a turtle’s shell?

A

Carapace

56
Q

What are the individual squares of a turtle’s shell?

A

Scutes

57
Q

What is the largest living turtle?

A

Leatherback turtles

58
Q

What are common freshwater turtles found throughout the Americas?

A

Snapping turtles

59
Q

What are turtles that only live on land?

A

Tortoises

60
Q

What are the longest living land animals?

A

Tortoises

61
Q

What are the largest living reptiles?

A

Crocodilians

62
Q

What are some of the only reptiles that care for their young during incubation and after birth?

A

Crocodilians

63
Q

What reptile, whose name means “peaks on back”, has a parietal eye on top of its skull?

A

Tuatara

64
Q

What are the carnivorous dinosaurs that walked on two legs, such as the T. rex?

A

Theropods

65
Q

What are large herbivorous dinosaurs include the Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus?

A

Sauropods

66
Q

What dinosaurs look like giant horned lizards with bony plates in their eyelids and round, bony clubs at the ends of their tails?

A

Ankylosaurs

67
Q

What dinosaurs had bony, dome-shaped heads?

A

Pachycephalosaurs

68
Q

What dinosaurs had a body design similar to modern bats?

A

Pterosaurs

69
Q

What were giant dinosaurs of the sea with paddle-shaped feet and legs?

A

Plesiosaurs

70
Q

What is an extinct dinosaur similar to a dolphin?

A

Ichthyosaurus

71
Q

What are animals with four limbs?

A

Tetrapods

72
Q

How are salamanders divided into their three categories?

A

Reproduction

73
Q

What is the type of dormancy that allows sirens to survive by periods of drought by protecting them from drying out?

A

Estivation

74
Q

What is the term for toads and frogs as a group?

A

Anurans

75
Q

What is the term for the larvae of frogs and toads?

A

Tadpoles

76
Q

What are long-bodied, limbless amphibians?

A

Caecilians

77
Q

What is the process through which mother caecilians grow a fatty layer of skin for her young to eat?

A

Dermatophagy

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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