Chapter 8 Flashcards
Fish, Reptiles, and Amphibians
What are animals that regulate their blood temperature by external means?
Cold-blooded
What group of fish has webbed rays attached to the body by a lobe (a single bone surrounded by muscle)?
Lobe-finned fish
What are overlapping bony plates that protrude from the fish’s skin?
Scales
What are the w-shaped bands of muscle in a fish?
Myomeres
What is the hard, movable plate that protects and covers all the delicate gill structures?
Operculum
What is the fish that can best survive on land (for up to three days)?
Mudskipper
What is the system of nerve endings that extend over the fish’s head and sides and allow for sensing vibration and pressure changes?
Lateral line
What is the process of fish reproduction in which the female lays large quantities of eggs in the water?
Spawning
What is the scientific term for fish eggs?
Roe
What is the fluid released by a male fish onto the roe?
Milt
What is the term for fish that give birth to live young?
Livebearers
What is the large, gas-filled organ that allows the fish to stay suspended in any depth of water?
Swim bladder
What is the term for the current generating cells inside the electric organ of electric fish?
Electrocytes
What is the light producing organ in certain fish?
Photophore
What are the two classes of cartilaginous fish?
Chondrichthyes and Cyclostomata
What are the placoid scales that cover sharks and make them feel like sandpaper?
Denticles
What are the paired holes for inhalation behind the eyes of sharks?
Spiracles
What is the protective case in which sharks lay their eggs called?
Mermaid’s purse
What is the largest carnivorous fish?
Great white shark
What is the unusual looking shark?
Hammerhead shark
What shark is the only known shark that comes to the surface to gulp air?
Sand tiger shark
What is the largest known fish?
Whale shark
What is the category of cartilaginous fish with flattened bodies?
Rays (also called batoids)
What is the group of cartilaginous fish that has two dorsal fins near the tip of the tail and lays eggs?
Skates
What type of cartilaginous fish has an unusual nose?
Sawfish
What is the name of a sawfish’s unusual nose?
Rostrum
What is the group of fish that has only one gill opening that is covered by an operculum?
Chimaera
What is the cartilaginous fish with pore-like gill openings?
Hagfish
Hagfish have pores along the side of their bodies that excrete proteins produced by what glands?
Slime glands
What is the protective layer inside reptile eggs?
Amnion
What is the most numerous group of reptiles?
Lizards
What is the name of the color changing cells that give lizards the ability to change color?
Chromatophores
What is the term that means to grow back?
Regenerates
What is the largest of all living lizards?
Komodo dragon
What are small, flat-bodied lizards with adhesive toe pads?
Geckos
What is the immovable, transparent eye covering that geckos have instead of eyelids?
Spectacle
What type of lizards have ornamental crests, frills, and throat fans?
Iguanids
What is the term for throat fans that iguanids have?
Dewlaps
What is the snake movement that looks like an accordion?
Concertina movement
What is the snake movement commonly used on sandy ground with only two or three points of contact?
Sidewinding movement
What is special about the jaws of snakes?
They are double-hinged.
What type of snake venom affects the circulatory system by causing the red blood cells to burst?
Hemotoxic venom
What is medicine designed to counteract snake venom?
Antivenin
What venomous snakes have immovable fangs?
Elapids
What are the best-known elapids?
Cobras
The most common North and South American elapids are in which family?
Coral snakes
What is the saying to distinguish between scarlet king snakes and coral snakes?
Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack.
What venomous snake family has fangs that fold back along the roof of their mouths?
Viper family
What organ has a membrane that can detect minute temperature changes?
Pit organ
What are slow-moving snakes that coil around prey and squeeze?
Constrictors
What is the largest snake in the world?
Giant anaconda
What is the largest group of snakes?
Colubrids
What are the world’s smallest snakes?
Blind snakes
What is the lower part of a turtle’s shell?
Plastron
What is the upper part of a turtle’s shell?
Carapace
What are the individual squares of a turtle’s shell?
Scutes
What is the largest living turtle?
Leatherback turtles
What are common freshwater turtles found throughout the Americas?
Snapping turtles
What are turtles that only live on land?
Tortoises
What are the longest living land animals?
Tortoises
What are the largest living reptiles?
Crocodilians
What are some of the only reptiles that care for their young during incubation and after birth?
Crocodilians
What reptile, whose name means “peaks on back”, has a parietal eye on top of its skull?
Tuatara
What are the carnivorous dinosaurs that walked on two legs, such as the T. rex?
Theropods
What are large herbivorous dinosaurs include the Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus?
Sauropods
What dinosaurs look like giant horned lizards with bony plates in their eyelids and round, bony clubs at the ends of their tails?
Ankylosaurs
What dinosaurs had bony, dome-shaped heads?
Pachycephalosaurs
What dinosaurs had a body design similar to modern bats?
Pterosaurs
What were giant dinosaurs of the sea with paddle-shaped feet and legs?
Plesiosaurs
What is an extinct dinosaur similar to a dolphin?
Ichthyosaurus
What are animals with four limbs?
Tetrapods
How are salamanders divided into their three categories?
Reproduction
What is the type of dormancy that allows sirens to survive by periods of drought by protecting them from drying out?
Estivation
What is the term for toads and frogs as a group?
Anurans
What is the term for the larvae of frogs and toads?
Tadpoles
What are long-bodied, limbless amphibians?
Caecilians
What is the process through which mother caecilians grow a fatty layer of skin for her young to eat?
Dermatophagy
