Chapter 12.2 Flashcards
What is the term for the large main roots that go deep into the ground and have a secondary horizontal root system branching off the main root?
Taproot
What type of root is similar to the fibrous root system of herbaceous plants?
Spreading roots
What are the three main functions of a tree’s roots?
- Absorb water and minerals
- Anchor the tree firmly in soil
- Store food
What type of roots grow from a plant’s stem, branches, leaves, or mature woody roots?
Adventitious roots
What is the main stem of a tree?
Trunk
What is the rough outer covering of the tree?
Bark
What is the ring of growth cells that separates the bark layers from the woody tissues of a tree trunk?
Vascular cambium
What is the growth of a tree stem in diameter?
Secondary growth
What is the main tissue of a trunk?
Wood
What is the term for the layers of wood produced by the vascular cambium?
Annual growth rings
What is the central core of a young woody stem?
Pith
What is the hard, inactive dead wood that darkens the wood?
Heartwood
What is the functioning wood that surrounds the dead heartwood?
Sapwood
What is the study of using tree rings from living trees or old lumber to reveal past events and determine a tree’s age?
Dendrochronology
What are the smaller divisions of the stem of a tree?
Branches
What are the structures on the end and sides of twigs that allow the stem to grow in length and produce new branches, flowers, and leaves?
Buds
What is the name for the buds found at the end of the twig that allow the stem to grow in length?
Terminal bud
What is the growth in length called?
Primary growth
What are the buds on the side of the twig that allow stems to produce new branches?
Lateral buds
What is the place on the stem that leaves grow out of?
Node
What are the small pores that allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration?
Lenticels
What are the two types of leaves that can be found on a tree?
Sun leaves and shade leaves
What is the waxy, protective layer on the leaf that encourages water retention?
Cuticle
What type of leaves are found at the bottom of the tree and are larger and thinner?
Shade leaves
What type of leaves are found at the top of the tree and are thicker and smaller?
Sun leaves
What is the layer of cells that forms at the base of the petiole to sever the leaf from the branch?
Abscission layer
What is the only thing that remains on a tree when the leaf falls off?
Leaf scar
What are the scattered trees of the desert?
Cacti
