Chapter 12.2

Question 1

What is the term for the large main roots that go deep into the ground and have a secondary horizontal root system branching off the main root?

Answer 1

Taproot

Question 2

What type of root is similar to the fibrous root system of herbaceous plants?

Answer 2

Spreading roots

Question 3

What are the three main functions of a tree’s roots?

Answer 3

1. Absorb water and minerals
2. Anchor the tree firmly in soil
3. Store food

Question 4

What type of roots grow from a plant’s stem, branches, leaves, or mature woody roots?

Answer 4

Adventitious roots

Question 5

What is the main stem of a tree?

Answer 5

Trunk

Question 6

What is the rough outer covering of the tree?

Answer 6

Bark

Question 7

What is the ring of growth cells that separates the bark layers from the woody tissues of a tree trunk?

Answer 7

Vascular cambium

Question 8

What is the growth of a tree stem in diameter?

Answer 8

Secondary growth

Question 9

What is the main tissue of a trunk?

Answer 9

Wood

Question 10

What is the term for the layers of wood produced by the vascular cambium?

Answer 10

Annual growth rings

Question 11

What is the central core of a young woody stem?

Answer 11

Pith

Question 12

What is the hard, inactive dead wood that darkens the wood?

Answer 12

Heartwood

Question 13

What is the functioning wood that surrounds the dead heartwood?

Answer 13

Sapwood

Question 14

What is the study of using tree rings from living trees or old lumber to reveal past events and determine a tree’s age?

Answer 14

Dendrochronology

Question 15

What are the smaller divisions of the stem of a tree?

Answer 15

Branches

Question 16

What are the structures on the end and sides of twigs that allow the stem to grow in length and produce new branches, flowers, and leaves?

Answer 16

Buds

Question 17

What is the name for the buds found at the end of the twig that allow the stem to grow in length?

Answer 17

Terminal bud

Question 18

What is the growth in length called?

Answer 18

Primary growth

Question 19

What are the buds on the side of the twig that allow stems to produce new branches?

Answer 19

Lateral buds

Question 20

What is the place on the stem that leaves grow out of?

Answer 20

Node

Question 21

What are the small pores that allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration?

Answer 21

Lenticels

Question 22

What are the two types of leaves that can be found on a tree?

Answer 22

Sun leaves and shade leaves

Question 23

What is the waxy, protective layer on the leaf that encourages water retention?

Answer 23

Cuticle

Question 24

What type of leaves are found at the bottom of the tree and are larger and thinner?

Answer 24

Shade leaves

Question 25

What type of leaves are found at the top of the tree and are thicker and smaller?

Answer 25

Sun leaves

Question 26

What is the layer of cells that forms at the base of the petiole to sever the leaf from the branch?

Answer 26

Abscission layer

Question 27

What is the only thing that remains on a tree when the leaf falls off?

Answer 27

Leaf scar

Question 28

What are the scattered trees of the desert?

Answer 28

Cacti