Chapter 2 Flashcards
Who recognized that flowers are organs intricately designed for plant reproduction and outlined many complex details of plant reproduction?
Christian Konrad Sprengel
What is the primary function of a flower in which all of the flower’s parts are involved?
Reproduction
What is the term for the plant’s future seeds?
Ovules
What part of the flower produces pollen grains?
Anther
What part of the flower serves to attract insects or birds that pollinate the plant?
Petals
What are leaf-like structures that surround the base of the petals whose jobs are to enclose and protect the developing flower bud until it opens as a fully formed flower?
Sepals
What is the transfer of pollen from he anther to the stigma?
Pollination
What begins growing once the pollen grain attaches to the stigma?
Pollen tube
What are the three main parts of the seed?
- Embryo
- Endosperm
- Seed Coat
What is the tiny shoot that will become the stem and leaves?
Plumule
What is the small root that will become the root system?
Radicle
If a seed has 1 cotyledon, it is called a ___________.
Monocot
If a seed has 2 cotyledons, it is called a __________.
Dicot
What type of dispersal occurs when the ripened fruit bursts open and scatters seeds?
Mechanical dispersal
What type of dispersal occurs when birds, other animals, or the wind aids the plant in dispersal?
Agent dispersal
What is the first stage of germination?
Swelling
What provides food for the plant until its roots and leaves have developed sufficiently to begin absorbing water, minerals, and food?
Cotyledons
What is the plant called once it no longer depends on the cotyledons?
Seedling
What are plants that live through two growing seasons to complete their life cycles?
Biennials
What is the scientific term for a flowering plant that produces covered seeds?
Angiosperm
Which family of flower is actually many small flowers grouped together into a head?
Composite family
What are the two types of flowers within a composite flower?
Disk and Ray
What is a plant resembling the goldenrod whose pollen causes allergic reactions?
Ragweed
What family (also called legumes) helps restore the nutrient nitrogen to the soil in the nitrogen cycle?
Pea family
Which family has 5 white or pink petals in a cup-shaped blossom, woody stems, fleshy fruits, and flower parts in multiples of 5?
Rose family
Which family gives the appearance of a bird’s foot, and is sometimes called the crowfoot family?
Buttercup family
The stems of mint family flowers are square and stout, and their flower clusters frequently form ____________.
Spikes
Which family contains sweet nectar and has trumpet-shaped flowers?
Honeysuckle family
Which family is characterized by umbels?
Parsley family
What are arrangements of flowers that have stems of nearly equal length emerging from a common point on the main stem?
Umbels
What is another name for the Queen Anne’s Lace?
Wild Carrot (Parsley family)
Which family has flowers with 5 nectar horns each?
Milkweed family
Broad leaves with branching veins, petals in groups of 4 or 5, and a large taproot with secondary rootlets - Are these characteristics of monocots or dicots?
Dicots
Long, slender leaves with parallel veins, petals in multiples of 3, and fibrous root systems - Are these characteristics of monocots or dicots?
Monocots
What is a structure made of layers of thick, fleshy leaves surrounding a very short stem?
Bulb
Which family is most commonly grown from bulbs?
Lily family
Which family grows from bulbs, corms, or rhizomes?
Amaryllis family
What are underground stems that grow horizontally?
Rhizomes
What is the part of the grass plant where the leaf attaches to the stem?
Node
What is the creeping stem that grows along the ground?
Stolon
What are the fruits of the grass family called?
Grains
What is the most important group of plants on earth?
Grasses
What is the name of the stalk where most leaf blades attach to the node?
Petiole
What is the term for plants that have no petioles, but attach directly to the stem by a sheath, such as grass?
Sessile
What is the term for individual leaves that grow in an alternating pattern on the stem?
Alternate leaves
What leaf pattern consists of 3 or more leaves growing from the same node on the stem?
Whorl
What leaf pattern is a cluster of leaves growing around the base of the plant?
Rosette
What type of leaves have only one blade attached to the petiole?
Simple leaves
What type of leaf has more than one blade joined to the petiole?
Compound leaves
What is the name for the edge of the leaf?
Leaf Margin
What are leaves with small, sharp teeth or large, blunt teeth called?
Toothed
What type of leaf has extensions of itself that can be blunt or end in a point?
Lobed
What type of venation do most monocots have?
Parallel venation
What is the term for small veins branching from one main vein?
Pinnate veins
