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Life Science 7 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are structures that are easily seen with the unaided eye?

A

Macroscopic

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2
Q

What are structures that require a microscope to be seen?

A

Microscopic

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3
Q

What are the smallest living units of all living things?

A

Cells

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4
Q

Which English scientist was the first to see cells under a microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

What states that all living things are composed of living units (called cells) and cell products; and that all cells come from pre-existing cells?

A

Cell Theory

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6
Q

What is the flexible semipermeable membrane responsible for surrounding and protecting the other parts of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

What is the largest portion of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Where does most of the cellular respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the “control center” at the center of the cell that is the most important part of the cell and is responsible for regulating all cell activities?

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

What is the substance which stores information that determines the genetic traits of an organism?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

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11
Q

What part of the microscope allows the amount of light passing through the slide to be controlled?

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the surface on which the slide rests?

A

Stage

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13
Q

What is the small lens through which the image is viewed?

A

Eyepiece

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14
Q

What fine-tunes the focus after focusing with the coarse-adjustment knob?

A

Fine-adjustment knob

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15
Q

What is a slide with a specimen covered by a drop of water?

A

Wet mount

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16
Q

What is the sturdy, protective support structure that surrounds the cell membrane?

A

Cell wall

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17
Q

What are the organelles that perform photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts

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18
Q

What are the storage spaces withing a cell that house food materials, fluids, and minerals?

A

Vacuoles

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19
Q

What is the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring?

A

Heredity

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20
Q

What are units of hereditary information stored on the cells’ chromosomes?

A

Genes

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21
Q

What is the study of heredity?

A

Genetics

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22
Q

What is the process by which a cell divides to form two new cells?

A

Mitosis

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23
Q

What is a single fertilized egg cell?

A

Zygote

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24
Q

What is the process by which the cell makes a copy of the DNA before dividing?

A

Replication

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25
Q

What are protein-producing factories in the cytoplasm?

A

Ribosomes

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26
Q

What is the process in which the DNA information of a single gene is copied into a molecule of RNA?

A

Transcription

27
Q

What is the process in which RNA is converted by a ribosome into a protein?

A

Translation

28
Q

What are the different forms of genes called?

A

Alleles

29
Q

What is the term for two identical alleles for the same gene?

A

Homozygous

30
Q

What is the term for two different alleles for the same gene?

A

Heterozygous

31
Q

What shows up in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is also present?

A

Dominant trait

32
Q

What is a trait that does not appear in the offspring when the dominant allele is present?

A

Recessive trait

33
Q

What is the actual combination of alleles that the organism has for a particular trait?

A

Genotype

34
Q

What is the appearance that results from the genotype?

A

Phenotype

35
Q

What principle states that when two heterozygous organisms are crossed, the offspring is equally likely to receive either allele?

A

Law of segregation

36
Q

What states that the allele inherited for one trait is unrelated to the allele inherited for another?

A

Law of independent assortment

37
Q

What is a chart that allows us to visualize all possible combinations of alleles that could result from a cross?

A

Punnett square

38
Q

What is used to study genetic traits in humans and other long-lived organisms?

A

pedigree chart

39
Q

What is a diverse group of of the smallest chlorophyll-containing organisms found in nearly every body of water?

A

Algae

40
Q

What is a well-known colonial green alga?

A

Volvox

41
Q

What is a filamentous green alga?

A

Spirogyra

42
Q

What yellow algae are the most numerous of all algae?

A

Diatoms

43
Q

What is the largest of the brown algae?

A

Kelp

44
Q

What is the group of heterotrophic plant-like organisms?

A

Fungi

45
Q

What is the study of fungi?

A

Mycology

46
Q

What is the largest group of fungi?

A

Sac fungi

47
Q

What is a colorless organism that eats foods containing sugar?

A

Yeast

48
Q

By what process do yeasts reproduce?

A

Budding

49
Q

What are animal-like organisms made of a single cell?

A

Protozoa

50
Q

Who is known as the “Father of Microbiology”?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

51
Q

What are protozoa that move using a ling, whip-like organ of locomotion?

A

Flagellates

52
Q

What are common flagellates found in freshwater lakes, ponds, and streams?

A

Euglenas

53
Q

What is the elastic “holding tank” that collects disposes of excess water?

A

Contractile Vacuole

54
Q

What is the deadly disease casued by one variety of trypanosome and transmitted to humans and animals by bites from the tsetse fly?

A

African sleeping sickness

55
Q

What are protozoa that move by means of pseudopods (“false feet”)?

A

Sarcodines

56
Q

What is the best known sarcodine?

A

Amoeba

57
Q

What is a space for storing and digesting food?

A

Food vacuole

58
Q

What are slipper-shaped protozoa?

A

Paramecia

59
Q

What is the term for spore-forming protozoa?

A

Sporozoa

60
Q

What is the parasite that causes malaria in humans?

A

Plasmodium

61
Q

What are single-celled organisms that have no organized nuclei?

A

Prokaryotes

62
Q

What organisms live in the air, soil, and water and can be harmful, helpful, or neither?

A

Bacteria

63
Q

What is one of the best-known species of bacteria that has provided research that benefits our current understanding of heredity?

A

E. coli

64
Q

What are hardy prokaryotes that thrive in environments that most other organisms couldn’t survive in?

A

Blue-green Algae (cyanobacteria)

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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