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Life Science 7 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which part of the body contains most of the body’s vital organs?

A

Trunk

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2
Q

What is a group of cells working together to perform a particular function?

A

Tissue

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3
Q

Which body system transports nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and other materials?

A

Cardiovascular

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4
Q

Which body system concentrates and removes liquid wastes?

A

Urinary

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5
Q

Which body system covers and protects the body?

A

Integumentary

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6
Q

Which body system supports the body, provides attachment for muscles, and protects vital organs?

A

Skeletal

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7
Q

Which body system moves body parts?

A

Muscular

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8
Q

Which body system controls body functions and activities?

A

Nervous

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9
Q

What is the straw-colored liquid part of the blood that makes up 50% of your blood?

A

Plasma

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10
Q

Which type of blood cell transports oxygen to the other body cells?

A

Red blood cells

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11
Q

What are the large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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12
Q

What are the tiny vessels next to your body’s cells that exchange oxygen, nutrients, and wastes?

A

Capillaries

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13
Q

What are large blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

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14
Q

What is the scientific term for the upper chamber of the heart?

A

Atrium (Plural: atria)

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15
Q

What is the tough, slippery membrane that encloses the heart called?

A

Pericardium

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16
Q

What is the scientific term for the throat?

A

Pharynx

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17
Q

What is the scientific term for the voice box?

A

Larynx

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18
Q

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

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19
Q

What is the thin, double-layered membrane that encases the lungs?

A

Pleura

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20
Q

What are the 300 million tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

A

Alveoli

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21
Q

What is the dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe?

A

Diaphragm

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22
Q

What is the path that food follows through the digestive system?

A

Alimentary Canal

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23
Q

What is the first section of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum

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24
Q

What is the sac-like organ in which the bile produced each day by the liver is stored?

A

Gallbladder

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25
Q

Which system excretes wastes from your body?

A

Excretory

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26
Q

What are the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder?

A

Ureters

27
Q

What is the liquid that surrounds every cell in your body?

A

Tissue fluid

28
Q

What are enlarged bundles of lymphatic tissue that clean lymph called?

A

Lymph Nodes

29
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

30
Q

What system of defense that fights invaders is the lymphatic system a part of?

A

Immune System

31
Q

What is another name for white blood cells that contribute the most in the pathogen battle?

A

Phagocytes

32
Q

What is an important group of white blood cells called?

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

What do B cells produce to fight against invaders?

A

Antibodies

34
Q

What is the ability of the body to resist invasion by a pathogen?

A

Immunity

35
Q

Which organ allows lymphocytes to grow and mature?

A

Thymus

36
Q

What is the outer layer of the skin that is formed by dead, scale-like cells that are pushed upward by new cells and then rubbed off?

A

Epidermis

37
Q

What is the most important brown pigment that determines whether you have light or dark skin?

A

Melanin

38
Q

What is the soft, fatty tissue in the porous center of the long bone where new red blood cells are produced?

A

Marrow

39
Q

What is the scientific term of the lower jawbone?

A

Mandible

40
Q

What are the hollow spaces that help your voice resonate in your skull?

A

Sinuses

41
Q

What is comprised of thirty-three vertebrae?

A

Backbone (or vertebral column)

42
Q

What is the scientific name for the breastbone?

A

Sternum

43
Q

What connects the bones of movable joints?

A

Ligaments

44
Q

What type of joint are found in your shoulders and hips?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

45
Q

What are the tough, cord-like materials that attach the skeletal muscles to the bones of the skeletal system?

A

Tendons

46
Q

What is the point at which muscles are anchored to a relatively immovable part like a bone?

A

Origin

47
Q

What are muscles that work whether you think about them or not?

A

Involuntary muscles

48
Q

Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

A

CNS (Central Nervous System)

49
Q

What are the bundles of fibers that connect the CNS with the rest of the body?

A

Nerves

50
Q

What are the electrochemical messages that are transmitted from the nerves?

A

Impulses

51
Q

What is the chief organ of the nervous system?

A

Brain

52
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for balance and skeletal muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

53
Q

What connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord?

A

Brain stem

54
Q

What part of the nervous system controls simple reflexes?

A

Spinal Cord

55
Q

What are the chemical substances responsible for controlling many automatic activities of your body, including growth and digestion?

A

Hormones

56
Q

What is the “master gland”?

A

Pituitary gland

57
Q

What glands are responsible for the body’s fight-or-flight response?

A

Adrenal

58
Q

What glands secrete two hormones (insulin and glucagon) that regulate sugar levels throughout the body?

A

Islets of Langerhans

59
Q

What gland is located in the center of the brain and serves as a clock to control waking and sleeping?

A

Pineal

60
Q

What are the main organs of the reproductive system?

A

Gonads (Ovaries in women and Testes in men)

61
Q

What tissue type provides motion?

A

Muscle tissue

62
Q

What is the smallest part of the body that can be said to be alive?

A

Cells

63
Q

What structure grew between you and your mother’s body and kept you attached to the wall of the uterus?

A

Placenta

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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