Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the sugars and starches necessary for energy for the human body?
Carbohydrates
What polysaccharide cannot be digested?
Fiber
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What types of fats are usually found in food made from animal products and are usually solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
What are common sources of saturated fats?
Whole milk, cheese, butter, beef
Which vitamin is essential for growth, eyesight, and healthy skin and can be found in whole milk, cheese, egg yolks, etc.?
Vitamin A
Which vitamins are essential to normal metabolism; teeth, gum, and blood vessel maintenance; and red blood cell development and can be found in liver, milk, meat, and most vegetables?
B-complex vitamins
Which vitamin maintains your connective tissue and helps your immune system and can be found in citrus fruits and other fresh fruits and vegetables?
Vitamin C
Which vitamin is required to absorb calcium to strengthen the teeth and bones?
Vitamin D
Where is your body designed to get the majority of its vitamin D?
Sun exposure
Which vitamin plays a vital role in blood clotting?
Vitamin K
Which trace element mineral enables the blood to carry oxygen around the body?
Iron
What is the unit that food energy is usually measured in?
Calorie
What is the amount of energy your body needs to function at rest, also considered the lowest rate of metabolism?
Basal metabolic rate
Which of the five main food groups should make up half of your diet?
Fruits and vegetables
What is the lack of proper nutrition which is caused by not eating enough of the right things?
Malnutrition
What are physical activities that require strength and speed but do not maintain a raised heart rate (example: softball)?
Anaerobic activities
In vigorous aerobic activity, once your heart rate reaches your training (or target) heart rate, how long should it maintain that rate?
10 minutes
What is the enlargement of muscles called?
Hypertrophy
How many hours of sleep should preteen and early teenagers be getting every night?
8-10 hours
What are white or black mounds caused by glands clogged and infected with bacteria and dirt?
Pimples
What is the scientific term for the most serious type of skin cancer?
Melanoma
What does SPF stand for?
Sun Protection Factor
What is the layer of dead skin cells at the base of your nails?
Cuticle
What is the most common disease in man?
Tooth decay (Dental caries or cavities)
What is the thin, sticky film formed by the bacteria in the mouth?
Plaque
What is the disease-causing organism that invades the body?
Pathogen
What are the two most common types of pathogens?
Bacteria and viruses
What results from problems inside the body caused by factors such as improper nutrition, malfunctioning cells, and exposure to harmful substances?
Noninfectious diseases
What is an object through which disease can be spread through pathogens left on objects touched by infected person, such as a doorknob or faucet handle?
Fomite
What is a substance that will give a person immunity just as if he had caught the disease?
Vaccine
Which disease quietly attacks the immune system and prevents the body from fighting pathogens?
HIV
What are the most common diseases affecting the immune system?
Allergies
What occurs when the heart beats abnormally?
Arrhythmias
What is the spreading of malignant tumors to other parts of the body?
Metastasis
What is a substance other than food or water taken into the body that causes changes in the body?
Drug
What type of drug can be purchased without a prescription?
OTC (Over-the-Counter)
What is the term for intentionally using drugs for non-medical purposes?
Abused
What occurs when a drug user’s body becomes accustomed to the drug and requires increased doses to produce the same effect?
Tolerance
What is a painful, sometimes deadly, sickness that occurs when a dependence-causing drug is no longer taken?
Withdrawal
What are drugs derived from the opium poppy plant and similar synthetic drugs?
Opioids
What opioid is completely illegal in the US because it is extremely addictive?
Heroin
What types of drugs affect the senses and lead to hallucinations?
Hallucinogens
What hallucinogen is the most prevalent illegal drug in the US?
Marijuana
What is a commonly abused stimulant found in tobacco products?
Nicotine
What is the most powerful natural stimulant?
Cocaine
What are drugs that slow body functions?
Depressants
What is the most commonly abused depressant?
Alcohol
On which part of the body are the effects of alcohol most noticable?
Brain
What does the Bible warn against alcohol?
Addictiveness and danger
What are drugs that are breathed in through the nose or mouth as a vapor and often have strong odors caused by the high concentration of chemicals, including household chemicals?
Inhalants
What is the immediate medical attention given to a victim of an injury or sudden illness?
First aid
What is the most important thing to do in any medical emergency?
Get help
What occurs when muscle tissue is overstretched to the point of tearing?
Strains
What type of fracture is it when the bone remains within the body and does not penetrate the skin?
Simple fracture (or closed fracture)
What leading cause of accidental death in the US is caused by exposure to harmful substances?
Poisoning
What degree of burn damages only the epidermis?
First-degree burns
What is the time when a young person changes into an adult (the teenage years)?
Adolescence
What is a strong feeling usually expressed in a physical way?
Emotion
What is the best way to deal with emotions?
Prayer and Scripture
How can Christians know more about who God is and what he expects?
By reading God’s Word
What is the most effective first aid treatment for muscle injuries?
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
