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Life Science 7 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the belief that only the natural world exists?

A

Materialism

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2
Q

What is the idea of studying science, especially as it relates to the origins of the universe and of life, based on faith in God as Creator?

A

Creation science

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3
Q

What Roman statesman wrote “On the Nature of the Gods” about the design in the universe?

A

Cicero

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4
Q

Who published “Natural Theology,” arguing that design in nature is evidence of God’s existence?

A

William Paley

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5
Q

What French zoologist began comparative anatomy to study the similarities and differences in organisms’ body structures?

A

Georges Cuvier

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6
Q

What is the similarity of structure, such as similar five-fingered or five-toed forelimbs of many vertebrates?

A

Homology

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7
Q

What term means that information must have meaning and cannot occur by chance?

A

Specified complexity

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8
Q

What are sudden, permanent, random changes in an organism’s DNA?

A

Mutations

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9
Q

What principle states that a type of organism that is better able to survive in its environment than another type of organism will survive and become predominant?

A

Natural Selection

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10
Q

What is an originally created type of organism?

A

Kind

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11
Q

What is change within a particular kind of organism caused by variations in a gene pool?

A

Speciation

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12
Q

What is another term for evolution, the development of all life from a common ancestor?

A

Macroevolution

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13
Q

According to the idea of natural selection, which is more likely to survive: an organism ill-suited to its environment or an organism well-suited?

A

Well-suited organism

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14
Q

What is an example of natural selection that evolutionists use to “prove” evolution?

A

DDT-resistant insects

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15
Q

What are the three views of life?

A

Tree of life, Lawn view, Orchard view

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16
Q

Which view of life claims that modern species descended directly from the same created ancestor species with no variation and no relationship between species?

A

Lawn view

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17
Q

Which view claims originally created kinds with great potential for variation?

A

Creation science Orchard view

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18
Q

What is the belief that nothing is spiritual and there is no God?

A

Materialism

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19
Q

What is the Greek explanation for the origin of life that living things arise from nonliving things?

A

Spontaneous Generation

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20
Q

What ancient Greek philosopher did most people look to for ideas about science?

A

Aristotle

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21
Q

What type of revelation is God’s creation?

A

General revelation

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22
Q

What type of revelation is the Bible?

A

Special revelation

23
Q

What was the main reason for the increased development of science since the 16th century?

A

Protestant Reformation

24
Q

What was modern science founded on?

A

Biblical principles

25
Q

What Protestant pastor and schoolmaster described plants used for medicinal purposes in “Living Picture of Herbs”?

A

Otto Brunfels

26
Q

What teacher at the university in Tubingen illustrated and described about 500 medicinal plants in his book “The Natural History of Plants”?

A

Leonard Fuchs

27
Q

Which Swiss, probably the best-educated naturalist, wrote “Opera Botanica” and “Historiae Animalium”?

A

Konrad Gesner

28
Q

Which scientist published “Fabrica” and is known as the Father of Anatomy?

A

Andreas Vesalius

29
Q

What English physician is known for his study of the circulation of blood through the body?

A

William Harvey

30
Q

Which founder of the Philosophical College worked with several others to establish the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge?

A

John Wilkins

31
Q

What scientific community was founded in Paris in 1666 by Huguenots and Jansenists?

A

French Academy of Sciences

32
Q

Who performed the first experiments disproving spontaneous generation by using flies?

A

Francesco Redi

33
Q

Who conducted experiments with bacteria that marked the end of spontaneous generation as a scientific possibility?

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

What is science put to practical use?

A

Technology

35
Q

What is a set of foundational assumptions you use for understanding your existence and the world around you?

A

Worldview

36
Q

What is the belief that the world and everything in it were created by a supernatural act of God?

A

Creation

37
Q

What one believes about what event affects what he believes about the present and the future?

A

The beginning of the world

38
Q

The philosophy of evolution is a faith, not in the Creator, but in what?

A

Nature itself

39
Q

Who published “On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection”?

A

Charles Darwin

40
Q

What false belief that the present is the key to the past in Charles Lyell’s “Principles of Geology” did Darwin come to believe after reading this book?

A

Uniformiarianism

41
Q

What principle did Darwin apply with uniformitarianism to conclude that he had found proof of evolution?

A

Natural selection

42
Q

In which of his books did Darwin propose that all organisms could come from a single simple form?

A

Descent of Man

43
Q

What process assumes that life arose from chemicals and is nothing more than a new, “scientific” spontaneous generation?

A

Abiogenesis

44
Q

What are the intermediate organisms that link types of living things that Darwin believed should be found in the fossil record?

A

Transitional forms

45
Q

What is a diagram used to show the presumed evolutionary relationships between organisms is the sequence of evolution?

A

Phylogenic tree

46
Q

What is a phylogenic tree showing all living things?

A

Tree of life

47
Q

What idea states that the various stages of an embryo’s development resemble adult forms of several evolutionary ancestors in sequence?

A

Embryonic recapitulation

48
Q

What three human embryo features do scientists claim are demonstrations of evolution?

A

Gill slits, Tails, Yolk sacs

49
Q

What are “useless” organs supposedly left over from earlier stages of evolutionary development?

A

Vestigial organs

50
Q

What is the hypothesis published by Hugo de Vries that stated that evolution occurred through mutations and natural selection working together?

A

Mutation hypothesis

51
Q

What is the belief that evolution occurs by slow and gradual change?

A

Gradualism

52
Q

What claims that evolution occurs in short periods of rapid-change separated by long periods of no change?

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

53
Q

What is one of the proposed whale ancestors?

A

Pakicetus

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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