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Life Science 7 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three purposes of science?

A
  1. Carefully observing nature
  2. Discovering the laws of creation
  3. Using those laws for mankind’s benefit
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2
Q

What is the study of living things?

A

Biology

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3
Q

What is the scientific term for living things?

A

Organisms

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4
Q

What is the study of animals and how they live?

A

Zoology

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5
Q

What is the study of an organism’s shape and structure?

A

Anatomy

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6
Q

What is the smallest unit of living things that can be said to be alive?

A

Cell

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7
Q

What consists of a single cell that performs all of the organism’s function?

A

Unicellular organism

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8
Q

What is an organism like an animal or plant that contains many different types of cels?

A

Multicellular organism

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9
Q

What is a stable internal condition organisms must keep in order to survive?

A

Homeostasis

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10
Q

What is the process by which life continues through the generation of new organisms?

A

Reproduction

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11
Q

What is the sum of all chemical processes of life?

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

What are substances in food that provide organisms with energy?

A

Nutrients

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13
Q

In which process do cells produce ATP by combining nutrients with oxygen?

A

Cellular respiration

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14
Q

What prefix refers to the heart?

A

Cardio-

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15
Q

What prefix means “under, below”?

A

Hypo-

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16
Q

What prefix means “large”?

A

Macro

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17
Q

What suffix means “study of”?

A

-logy

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18
Q

What is the scientific name for plant life?

A

Flora

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19
Q

What is the scientific name for animal life?

A

Fauna

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20
Q

What type of symmetry can only be cut in half one time? (example: dog, human)

A

Bilateral symmetry

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21
Q

What type of symmetry cannot be cut equally at all? (example: tree, amoeba)

A

Asymmetry

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22
Q

What type of symmetry can be cut equally in multiple ways? (Example: orange, starfish)

A

Radial symmetry

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23
Q

What is the term for environments on land, like meadows, deserts, mountains, savannas, jungles?

A

Terrestrial

24
Q

What is an organism’s home called?

A

Habitat

25
Q

What term means active during the day?

A

Diurnal

26
Q

What term means active mainly at night?

A

Nocturnal

27
Q

What is the term for an inactive state that helps organisms conserve stored energy?

A

Dormant

28
Q

Animals that live in trees (birds, squirrels) are said to have what types of habitats?

A

Arboreal

29
Q

What is the term for water environments in general?

A

Aquatic

30
Q

Ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams are what kind of environment?

A

Freshwater

31
Q

What refers to environments in seas and oceans?

A

Marine

32
Q

What is the area between the highest and lowest points the tide reaches?

A

Intertidal Zone

33
Q

What are hot springs in the ocean floor?

A

Hydrothermal vents

34
Q

What is the science of classification?

A

Taxonomy

35
Q

What is the term for a distinct type of organism?

A

Species

36
Q

Who was the first to develop a modern definition for the word “species”?

A

John Ray

37
Q

What is the primary basis for classifying living things?

A

Body structure

38
Q

Who is the Father of Taxonomy?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

39
Q

Linnaeus grouped living things into two main categories. What are these two kingdoms?

A 
Kingdom Plantae (Plant kingdom)
Kingdom Animalia (Animal kingdom)
40
Q

List the categories of classification in order from largest to smallest.

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
41
Q

An organism’s scientific name always consists of which two categories?

A

Genus and species (Genus always first)

42
Q

Who introduced the Scientific Method?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

43
Q

What are the three main parts of the Scientific Method?

A
  1. Hypothesizing
  2. Observing
  3. Experimenting
44
Q

What is a sensible explanation of a problem?

A

Hypothesis

45
Q

What is the scientific term for facts about nature?

A

Data

46
Q

What is the methodical testing of hypotheses?

A

Experimentation

47
Q

What is a way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts?

A

Theory

48
Q

If a theory has never been proven false, scientists will then call it what?

A

Scientific Law

49
Q

What is the factor that one changes to test the hypothesis?

A

Independent variable

50
Q

How many independent variables should a good experiment have?

A

Only 1.

51
Q

What are the variables that are the same in all groups?

A

Controlled variables

52
Q

What is the term for the group in which the independent variable is absent; the standard of comparison?

A

Control Group

53
Q

What is the study of reasoning?

A

Logic

54
Q

What is a conclusion based on reasoning from evidence?

A

Inference

55
Q

What is reasoning from general evidence to more specific conclusion?

A

Deductive reasoning

56
Q

What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion?

A

Inductive reasoning

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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