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Life Science 7 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the scientific name for feathers?

A

Plumage

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2
Q

What is the largest flying bird?

A

Andean condor

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3
Q

What are the bills of birds made of?

A

Keratin

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4
Q

What is the ridge on the sternum that provides the necessary attachment point for the flight muscles?

A

Keel

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5
Q

What is the retractable group of feathers on the front of the wing that is supported by the “thumb bones”?

A

Alula

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6
Q

What is the most important flight muscle?

A

Pectorals

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7
Q

What allows the air to flow through the lungs instead of just in and out?

A

Air capillaries

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8
Q

How many times does a bird inhale and exhale to move each breath of air through its respiratory system?

A

Twice

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9
Q

How many chambers are in a bird’s heart?

A

Four

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10
Q

What is the storage sac in the esophagus that moistens food and releases it in a steady stream to the rest of the digestive system?

A

Crop

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11
Q

What organ grinds the food to make it more easily absorbed?

A

Gizzard

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12
Q

What type of vision allows birds to see most of their surroundings at once?

A

Monocular vision

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13
Q

What type of vision in which both eyes focus on the same object?

A

Binocular vision

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14
Q

What type of feathers are the strong feathers on the bird’s body, wings, and tail?

A

Contour feathers

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15
Q

What are the soft, fluffy feathers close to the bird’s body?

A

Down feathers

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16
Q

What is the gland that produces oil used to condition and waterproof the feathers?

A

Preen gland

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17
Q

What is the process in which birds replace old, broken, or missing feathers?

A

Molting

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18
Q

What is a structure that changes the flow of air to produce a force?

A

Airfoil

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19
Q

What is the simplest kind of flight that is when a bird coasts “downhill”?

A

Gliding

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20
Q

What is the type of flying that allows birds to rest and save energy by alternating flapping with gliding or coasting?

A

Intermittent flight

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21
Q

What is the built-in knowledge that birds possess at birth that let them know where to nest and what kind of nest to build?

A

Instincts

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22
Q

What is the unusual organ that produces a bird’s singing voice without the use of vocal cords?

A

Syrinx

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23
Q

What is the practice of taking a dust bath to get rid of parasites?

A

Dusting

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24
Q

What is it called when flocks of small birds harass a hawk?

A

Mobbing

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25
Q

What is the practice of ground nesting birds in thick grass sneaking away from the nest to draw attention to itself and away from the nest?

A

Rodent running

26
Q

What is the regular movement of animals between two habitats?

A

Migration

27
Q

What is the migration of animals a relatively short distance?

A

Altitudinal migration

28
Q

What are the routes that migrating birds follow year after year?

A

Flyways

29
Q

What is the complex package designed to nurture and protect the developing bird?

A

Egg

30
Q

What is the nutrient-rich fluid for the developing chick?

A

Yolk

31
Q

What does the embryo develop from?

A

Germinal spot

32
Q

What holds the yolk body in place by two dense, twisted cords?

A

Chalazae

33
Q

What is the outer part of the albumen that is made of keratin?

A

Shell membrane

34
Q

What is the eggshell made of?

A

Calcium carbonate

35
Q

What is the act of keeping the eggs warm for proper chick development?

A

Incubation

36
Q

What type of wings do land-soaring birds have?

A

Long, broad wings

37
Q

What two things determines the tail’s shape?

A

Type of flight and habitat conditions

38
Q

Sandpipers and whimbrels have what type of bill that allows them to easily retrieve burrowing crustaceans?

A

Probing bills

39
Q

What type of bill do birds that capture insects mid-flight have that allow bills to open widely with hinged jaws?

A

Gaping bills

40
Q

What is the name of the straight, strong, pointed bill that omnivores such as crows have for their diverse diet of insects, fruits, eggs, crustaceans, and flesh?

A

All-purpose bill

41
Q

What is the name of the spatula-shaped bill that spoonbills use to scoop small aquatic animals from the water?

A

Straining bills

42
Q

What type of feet do songbirds have with three forward toes and one hind toe?

A

Perching feet

43
Q

What type of feet do birds that perch or climb vertically have with two forward toes and two hind toes?

A

Climbing feet

44
Q

What type of feet do hunting birds have that are armed with sharp, curved talons?

A

Grasping feet

45
Q

What are various colors, patterns, and markings that are characteristic of a particular bird species?

A

Field marks

46
Q

What are birds that hatch featherless and helpless?

A

Altricial birds

47
Q

What is the only bird that will climb down a tree trunk headfirst?

A

Nuthatch

48
Q

What type of bird has a unique mating ritual that includes building a nest and decorating it with shells, flowers, and other colorful objects?

A

Bowerbirds

49
Q

What bird has the ability to hover?

A

Hummingbird

50
Q

What is the smallest of all birds?

A

Bee hummingbird

51
Q

What category do eagles, hawks, and falcons fall under?

A

Birds of prey

52
Q

What is the world’s fastest bird?

A

Peregrine falcon

53
Q

Pelicans, Grebes, and Gulls are in which category of birds?

A

Water birds

54
Q

What are birds that hatch with down and are able to run or swim shortly after birth?

A

Precocial

55
Q

What bird has a unique throat pouch used to catch fish?

A

Pelican

56
Q

What category of birds includes birds that have been or are hunted for food, such as the grouse, and other edible birds such as chickens?

A

Game birds

57
Q

What is the group of game birds are the only birds in the world not to provide any parental care for their young after hatching?

A

Megapodes

58
Q

What category of birds live in warm regions and include macaws, parakeets, and parrots?

A

Tropical birds

59
Q

What are birds that do not have a keel on the sternum, such as ostriches and emus?

A

Flightless birds

60
Q

What is the largest living bird?

A

Ostrich

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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