Chapter 7.2

Question 1

storage

Answer 1

refers the the time and manner in which information is retained between encoding and retrieval

Question 2

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 2

is prolonging exposure to information by repeating it, which actually does relatively little to facilitate encoding that leads to the formation of long-term memories

Question 3

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 3

is prolonging exposure to information by thinking about its meaning- significantly improving the process of encoding

Question 4

shallow processing

Answer 4

involves more superficial properties of a stimulus such as the sound or spelling of a word

Question 5

deep processing

Answer 5

is generally related to an items meaning or its function and is generally associated with better retention and retrieval

Question 6

self reference effect

Answer 6

occurs when you think about information in terms of how it relates to you or how it is useful to you

Question 7

survival processing

Answer 7

when items are processed as they relate to survival, more likely to be recalled

Question 8

2 forms of intentional memory retrieval

Answer 8

recognition and recall

Question 9

recognition

Answer 9

involves identifying a stimulus or piece of information when it is presented to you.
- identifying someone on a bus

Question 10

recall

Answer 10

involves retrieving information when asked, but without that information being present during the retrieval process.
- short answer questions on exam

Question 11

encoding specificity principle

Answer 11

is the most effective when it occurs in the same context as encoding

Question 12

context dependent memory

Answer 12

is the idea that retrieval is more effective when it takes place in the same physical setting as encoding

Question 13

context dependent forgetting

Answer 13

the experience when you walk into a room and forget what you intended to do

Question 14

context reinstatement effect

Answer 14

occurs when you return to the original location and a memory suddenly comes back

Question 15

state dependent memory

Answer 15

retrieval is more effective when your internal state matches the state you were in during encoding

Question 16

mood dependent learning

Answer 16

is someones mood at retrieval matches their mood during encoding, they can can remember better

Question 17

flashbulb memory

Answer 17

is an extremely vivid and detailed memory about an event and the conditions surrounding how one learned about the event.

Question 18

forgetting curve

Answer 18

shows that most forgetting occurs right away, and that the rate of forgetting eventually slows to the point where one does not seem to forget anymore.

Question 19

a mnemonic

Answer 19

is a technique intended to improve memory for specific information, which come in many different forms.

Question 20

mnemonic: method of loci

Answer 20

connects words to a remembered location

Question 21

mnemonic: acronyms

Answer 21

pronounceable words whose letters represent the initials of an important phrase or set of items

Question 22

dual coding

Answer 22

occurs when useful information is stored in more that one form
- like verbal and visual descriptions