chapter 11.1

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

concerns the physiological and psychological processes underlying the initiation of behaviours that direct organisms toward specific goals

Question 2

drive reduction theory

Answer 2

• motivated by need to reduce drive

- 1. need (food or water) 2. state (hunger or thirsty) 3. drive reducing (eating, drinking)

Question 3

drive

Answer 3

a biological trigger that tells us we may be deprived of something and causes us to seek out what is needed, such as food or water

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

the bodies physiological processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to the outer environment

Question 5

allostasis

Answer 5

motivation is not only influenced by current needs, but also by anticipation of future needs.

Question 6

hypothalamus

Answer 6

different areas regulate appetite suppression

- detects changes in glucose levels

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

a sugar that serves as primary energy source for the brain and the rest of the body

Question 8

satiation

Answer 8

the point in a meal when we are no longer motivated to eat

Question 9

energy homeostasis

Answer 9

long term matching of food intake to energy expenditure

Question 10

baseline metabolic rate

Answer 10

at rest, the rate at which a body uses energy for vital functions

Question 11

Unit bias

Answer 11

the tendency to assume that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume

Question 12

social facilitation

Answer 12

eating more

- dinner hosts may encourage guests to eat more

Question 13

impression management

Answer 13

eating less

- sometimes people self-consciously control their behaviour so that others will see them in certain way

Question 14

modelling

Answer 14

eating whatever those around you are eating

Question 15

obesity

Answer 15

a disorder of positive energy balance, in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure

Question 16

binge eating

Answer 16

characterized be recurrent episodes of binge eating that involve

1. eating significantly more food in a discrete period of time than most people would
2. sense of lack of control

Question 17

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 17

an eating disorder that involves:

1. self-starvation
2. intense fear of weight gain
3. a denial of the serious consequences of severely low weight

Question 18

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

an eating disorder that is characterized by periods of food deprivation, binge eating, and purging.