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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Vesicocele

A

hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder

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2
Q

Meatus

A

opening or tunnel through any part of the body

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3
Q

Pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

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4
Q

Uremia

A

excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood

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5
Q

Azotemia

A

excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood

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6
Q

Lithiasis

A

abnormal condition or presence of stones or calculi

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7
Q

Dialysis

A

process of removing toxic materials from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so

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8
Q

Lithotripsy

A

crushng of a stone in the bladder or urethra

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9
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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10
Q

Azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially in urea, in the urine

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11
Q

Diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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12
Q

Dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of cystitis and other urinary tract conditions

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13
Q

End-stage renal disease

A

final phase of kidney disease process; disease has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer filter blood adequately

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14
Q

Enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established

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15
Q

Hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

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16
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

nephritis associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent ,such as a drug or chemical. The end result is that the nephrons are destroyed and renal function is seriously impaired

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17
Q

Renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure that results from kidney disease

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18
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney occurring in young children, usually before age 5.

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19
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen

A

laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous substance) that is normally excreted by the kidneys into the blood.

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20
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

examination of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder that uses iodinated contrast material injected into veins

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21
Q

Retrograde pyelography

A

radiographic procedure in which a contrast medium is introduced to visualize urinary tract

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22
Q

Urinalysis

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

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23
Q

Voiding cystourography

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra after the introduction of a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine.

24
Q

Catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid.

25
Q

Renal transplantation

A

surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient

26
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

27
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

28
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

presence of gall stones in the common bile duct

29
Q

Choledocholithotomy

A

surgical incision in the common bile duct for removal of a gallstone

30
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

stones or calculi forming within the gall bladder, also called gall stones

31
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a UTI

32
Q

Epigastric

A

lying upon or above the stomach

33
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

34
Q

Nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

35
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

the unintentional loss of urine due to loss of voluntary control over the urinary sphincters; also enuresis

36
Q

Auscultation

A

the act of listening to sounds arising within organs as an aid to diagnosis and treatment

37
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

a usually curable skin cancer that arises from epithelial cells are rarely metastasized ; often associated with over exposure to sunlight

38
Q

Benign Prostatic Hypertorphy

A

when the enlarged prostate compresses the urethra impeding the flow of urine from the bladder

39
Q

Bilateral

A

on both sides; pertaining to both sides; having two sides

40
Q

Bruits

A

a sound heard over an artery or vascular channel reflecting turbulence of flow

41
Q

Colectomy

A

an operation to remove all or part of the colon

42
Q

Distended

A

enlarged or stretched out

43
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

dilated veins in the walls of the anus and sometimes around the rectum

44
Q

Hydrocele

A

a type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding the testicle

45
Q

Impotence

A

consistent inability to sustain, or achieve an erection or ejaculation or both

46
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

a protrusion of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal

47
Q

Normocephalic

A

referring to a person whose head and all major organs of the head are in normal condition and without significant abnormalities

48
Q

Palpable

A

capable of being touched or felt

49
Q

Percussion

A

the act or technique of tapping on the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound

50
Q

Pneumothorax

A

a condition in which air or other gas accumulates in the pleural cavity and can result in a collapsed lung

51
Q

Transurethral

A

passing through or performed via the urethra

52
Q

Diuretics

A

drugs which stimulate the flow of urine

53
Q

Malignant

A

tending or threatening to produce death; refers to cancerous growths

54
Q

nephrons

A

microscopic filtering units in the kidney that are responsible for keeping the body’s fluids in balance

55
Q

edema

A

swelling of a body tissue

56
Q

Oliguria

A

diminished amount of urine formation

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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