Chapter 10 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Carpoptosis
A
wrist drop
2
Q
Subcostal
A
beneath the ribs
3
Q
Craniotomy
A
incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures
4
Q
Humeral
A
pertaining to the humerus
5
Q
Metacarpectomy
A
excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones
6
Q
Spondylitis
A
inflammation of any of the vertebrae, usually characterized by stiffness and pain
7
Q
Vertebral
A
pertaining to a vertebra or the vertebral column
8
Q
Sternocostal
A
pertaining to the sternum and ribs
9
Q
Phalangitits
A
inflammation of one or more phalanges
10
Q
Calcaneodynia
A
painful condition of the heel
11
Q
Femoral
A
pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)
12
Q
Fibular
A
pertaining to the fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)
13
Q
Patellectomy
A
excision of the patella
14
Q
Pelvimetry
A
measurement of the pelvic dimensions or proportions; helps to determine whether or not it will be possible to deliver a fetus through the normal route
15
Q
Pelvis
A
pertaining to the pelvis
16
Q
Tibial
A
pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)
17
Q
Ankylosis
A
immobility of a joint
18
Q
Arthritis
A
inflammation of a joint, often accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity
19
Q
Cervical
A
pertaining to or in region of the neck; pertaining to constricted area of necklike structure, such as neck of a tooth of the cervix uteri
20
Q
Costochondritis
A
inflammation of the costal cartilage of the anterior chest wall
21
Q
Laminectomy
A
excision of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae
22
Q
Myelocele
A
sacklike protrusion of spinal cord through congenital defect in vertebral column
23
Q
Orthopedics
A
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system disorders
24
Q
Osteitis
A
inflammation of bone
25
Radiograph
x-ray image
26
Arthroclasia
Forcible breaking of a joint
27
Osteocyte
bone cell
28
Arthrodesis
stiffening of a joint by operative means
29
Osteomalacia
gradual softening and bending of the bones
30
Diaphysis
shaft or middle region of a long bone
31
Osteoporosis
disorder characterized by abnormal loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, with an increased fractured risk
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
32
Leukopoiesis
formation or production of white blood cells
33
Erthryopoiesis
formation or production of red blood cells
34
Rickets
a form of osteomalacia seen in infants and children as a result of vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms include soft, pliable bones causing deformities such as bowlegs and knock-knees
35
Osteoblasts
embryonic cell that develops into bone
36
Periosteum
structure around bone
37
Radiotherapy
treatment of diseases using either an external source of high-energy rays or internally implanted radioactive substances
38
Myelogram
a radiograph of the spinal canal after injection of a contrast medium, is used to identify and study spinal lesions caused by trauma or disease
39
Myelogenesis
Formation of bone marrow
40
Synarthroses
totally immovable joints
41
Diarthroses
freely movable joints
42
Amphiarthroses
slightly movable joints
43
Arthrocentesis
A surgical procedure in which a puncture of a joint is performed in order to aspirate or remove accumulated fluid from a joint
44
Encephalocele
a protrusion of brain substance through an opening of the skull
45
Open (compound) fracture
a fracture in which a broken end of a bone pierces the skin creating an open wound, there may be extensive damage to surrounding blood vessels, nerves, and muscles
46
Closed fracture
bone is broken with no open wound; surrounding tissue damage is minimal
47
Greenstick fracture
an incomplete break of a soft bone; the bone is partially bent and partially broken. Usually occurs in children because their bones tend to splinter rather than break completely
48
Comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken into multiple pieces
49
Impacted fracture
a fracture in which the broken ends of a bone are forced into one another, many bone fragments may be created by such a fracture
50
Complicated fracture
involves extensive soft tissue injury, such as when a broken rib pierces a lung
51
Colles fracture
a break of the lower end of the radius, which occurs just above the wrist and causes displacement of the hand. Usually occurs as a result of flexing a hand to cushion a fall
52
Incomplete fracture
when the line of fracture does not include the whole bone
53
Articulation
a place where two bones meet
54
Lumbocostal
pertaining to the lumbar region and the ribs
55
Myorrhexis
tearing of a muscle; rupture of a muscle
56
Tenotomy
total or partial severing of a tendon; performed to correct a muscle imbalance, such as in the correction of strabismus of the eye or in clubfoot
57
Tendolysis
release of a tendon from adhesions; also called tenolysis
58
Tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon, usually resulting from strain; also called tendonitis
59
Myalgia
tenderness or pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism
60
Myopathy
any abnormal condition or disease of the muscular tissues; commonly designates a disorder involving skeletal muscle
61
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body; types of it include cerebral hemiplegia and facial hemiplegia
62
Myorrhaphy
suturing of a wound in a muscle
63
Myorrhexis
tearing of any muscle
64
Myosarcoma
malignant tumor of muscular tissue
65
Chondrotomy
incision for a dividing a cartilage
66
Quadriplegia
a paralysis of all four extremities
67
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve withing the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
68
Contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint.
69
Crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
70
Ewing Sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis. It occurs most frequently in adolescent boys
71
Gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis characterize by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
72
Herniated Disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae
73
Paget Disease
skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans
74
Rheumatoid Arthritis
chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures that result in crippling deformities
75
Sequestrum
fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
76
Kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture
77
Lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a sway-back posture
78
Scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine, either to the left or to the right; scoliosis eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis. It is often a congenital disease, but may result from poor posture
79
Muscular dystrophy
group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue
80
Myasthenia gravis
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue
81
Rotator Cuff Injuries
injuries to the capsule of the shoulder joint which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injuries
82
Sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability
83
Strain
trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch
84
Talipes
congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot
85
Torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck that may be congenital or acquired; also called wryneck
86
Rheumatoid Factor
blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
87
Arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
88
Arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision
89
Sequestrectomy
excision of a necrosed piece of bone
90
Total Hip Arthroplasty
replacement of the femur and acetabulum with metal components. The acetabulum is plastic coated to avoid metal-to-metal articulating surfaces
91
Anteroposterior
concerned with or extending along a direction or axis from front (anterior) to back (posterior)
92
Bilateral
on both sides; pertaining to or relating to both sides; having two sides
93
Degenerative
of, relating to, involving, or causing degeneration - actual chemical change of a tissue itself
94
Hypertrophic
of, relating to, marked by hypertrophy - enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to increase in size of the constituent cells
95
Intervertebral
between two vertebrae
96
Laminectomies
more than one surgical procedure in which the posterior arch of a vertebra is removed
97
Lateral views
side views of the body or any part of the body
98
Lumbar
the part of the spine comprised of 5 vertebral bodies that extend from the lower thoracic spine to the sacrum
99
Lumbosacral
of, relating to, or referring to the lumbar and sacral regions of the spine
100
Sacroiliac
referring to both the sacrum and the ilium
101
Sacrum
the large heavy bone at the base of the spine which is made up of 5 fused sacral vertebrae
102
Acromial
of, or relating to the acromion - outer end of the spine of the scapula which articulates with the clavicle
103
Acromioclavicular
relating to, being, or affecting the join connecting the acromion and the clavicle
104
Biceps
a muscle that has two heaps or origins; such as the biceps brachii or the biceps femoris
105
Bursectomy
surgical excision of a bursa (as of the hip or shoulder)
106
Calcification
abnormal deposition of calcium salts within soft tissue often causing thickening or hardening
107
Glenohumeral
of, relating to, or connecting the glenoid cavity and the humerus
108
Glenoid
having the form of a smooth, shallow depression - used chiefly of skeletal articulatory sockets
109
Gouty
of, or relating to gout - an acute form of arthrits
110
Intra-articular
situated within, occurring within, or administered by entry into a joint
111
Labra (singular, labrum)
lips, edges, or brims of a bone
112
Osteoarthritis
a form of arthritis caused by the inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints
113
Osteophyte
a bone spur - smooth structure that forms on the spine over a long period of time
114
Spur
a bony projection that forms on bone edges or around joints
115
Subacromial
referring to something that is below, or inferior to, the acromion
116
Tuberosity
a rounded prominence especially: a large prominence on a bone, usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments
