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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Carpoptosis

A

wrist drop

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2
Q

Subcostal

A

beneath the ribs

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3
Q

Craniotomy

A

incision through the cranium, usually to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

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4
Q

Humeral

A

pertaining to the humerus

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5
Q

Metacarpectomy

A

excision or resection of one or more metacarpal bones

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6
Q

Spondylitis

A

inflammation of any of the vertebrae, usually characterized by stiffness and pain

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7
Q

Vertebral

A

pertaining to a vertebra or the vertebral column

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8
Q

Sternocostal

A

pertaining to the sternum and ribs

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9
Q

Phalangitits

A

inflammation of one or more phalanges

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10
Q

Calcaneodynia

A

painful condition of the heel

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11
Q

Femoral

A

pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)

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12
Q

Fibular

A

pertaining to the fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

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13
Q

Patellectomy

A

excision of the patella

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14
Q

Pelvimetry

A

measurement of the pelvic dimensions or proportions; helps to determine whether or not it will be possible to deliver a fetus through the normal route

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15
Q

Pelvis

A

pertaining to the pelvis

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16
Q

Tibial

A

pertaining to the tibia (shin bone)

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17
Q

Ankylosis

A

immobility of a joint

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18
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint, often accompanied by pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity

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19
Q

Cervical

A

pertaining to or in region of the neck; pertaining to constricted area of necklike structure, such as neck of a tooth of the cervix uteri

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20
Q

Costochondritis

A

inflammation of the costal cartilage of the anterior chest wall

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21
Q

Laminectomy

A

excision of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae

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22
Q

Myelocele

A

sacklike protrusion of spinal cord through congenital defect in vertebral column

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23
Q

Orthopedics

A

branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and correction of musculoskeletal system disorders

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24
Q

Osteitis

A

inflammation of bone

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25
Q

Radiograph

A

x-ray image

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26
Q

Arthroclasia

A

Forcible breaking of a joint

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27
Q

Osteocyte

A

bone cell

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28
Q

Arthrodesis

A

stiffening of a joint by operative means

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29
Q

Osteomalacia

A

gradual softening and bending of the bones

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30
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft or middle region of a long bone

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31
Q

Osteoporosis

A

disorder characterized by abnormal loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, with an increased fractured risk
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

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32
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

formation or production of white blood cells

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33
Q

Erthryopoiesis

A

formation or production of red blood cells

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34
Q

Rickets

A

a form of osteomalacia seen in infants and children as a result of vitamin D deficiency. Symptoms include soft, pliable bones causing deformities such as bowlegs and knock-knees

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35
Q

Osteoblasts

A

embryonic cell that develops into bone

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36
Q

Periosteum

A

structure around bone

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37
Q

Radiotherapy

A

treatment of diseases using either an external source of high-energy rays or internally implanted radioactive substances

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38
Q

Myelogram

A

a radiograph of the spinal canal after injection of a contrast medium, is used to identify and study spinal lesions caused by trauma or disease

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39
Q

Myelogenesis

A

Formation of bone marrow

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40
Q

Synarthroses

A

totally immovable joints

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41
Q

Diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

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42
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints

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43
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

A surgical procedure in which a puncture of a joint is performed in order to aspirate or remove accumulated fluid from a joint

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44
Q

Encephalocele

A

a protrusion of brain substance through an opening of the skull

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45
Q

Open (compound) fracture

A

a fracture in which a broken end of a bone pierces the skin creating an open wound, there may be extensive damage to surrounding blood vessels, nerves, and muscles

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46
Q

Closed fracture

A

bone is broken with no open wound; surrounding tissue damage is minimal

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47
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

an incomplete break of a soft bone; the bone is partially bent and partially broken. Usually occurs in children because their bones tend to splinter rather than break completely

48
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone is broken into multiple pieces

49
Q

Impacted fracture

A

a fracture in which the broken ends of a bone are forced into one another, many bone fragments may be created by such a fracture

50
Q

Complicated fracture

A

involves extensive soft tissue injury, such as when a broken rib pierces a lung

51
Q

Colles fracture

A

a break of the lower end of the radius, which occurs just above the wrist and causes displacement of the hand. Usually occurs as a result of flexing a hand to cushion a fall

52
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

when the line of fracture does not include the whole bone

53
Q

Articulation

A

a place where two bones meet

54
Q

Lumbocostal

A

pertaining to the lumbar region and the ribs

55
Q

Myorrhexis

A

tearing of a muscle; rupture of a muscle

56
Q

Tenotomy

A

total or partial severing of a tendon; performed to correct a muscle imbalance, such as in the correction of strabismus of the eye or in clubfoot

57
Q

Tendolysis

A

release of a tendon from adhesions; also called tenolysis

58
Q

Tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually resulting from strain; also called tendonitis

59
Q

Myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism

60
Q

Myopathy

A

any abnormal condition or disease of the muscular tissues; commonly designates a disorder involving skeletal muscle

61
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body; types of it include cerebral hemiplegia and facial hemiplegia

62
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

suturing of a wound in a muscle

63
Q

Myorrhexis

A

tearing of any muscle

64
Q

Myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of muscular tissue

65
Q

Chondrotomy

A

incision for a dividing a cartilage

66
Q

Quadriplegia

A

a paralysis of all four extremities

67
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve withing the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

68
Q

Contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint.

69
Q

Crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

70
Q

Ewing Sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis. It occurs most frequently in adolescent boys

71
Q

Gout

A

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis characterize by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints

72
Q

Herniated Disk

A

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae

73
Q

Paget Disease

A

skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans

74
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

chronic, systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints and related structures that result in crippling deformities

75
Q

Sequestrum

A

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

76
Q

Kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture

77
Q

Lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a sway-back posture

78
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine, either to the left or to the right; scoliosis eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis. It is often a congenital disease, but may result from poor posture

79
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue

80
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue

81
Q

Rotator Cuff Injuries

A

injuries to the capsule of the shoulder joint which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musculotendinous rotator cuff injuries

82
Q

Sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability

83
Q

Strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

84
Q

Talipes

A

congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot

85
Q

Torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles causing stiffness and twisting of the neck that may be congenital or acquired; also called wryneck

86
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

87
Q

Arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

88
Q

Arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision

89
Q

Sequestrectomy

A

excision of a necrosed piece of bone

90
Q

Total Hip Arthroplasty

A

replacement of the femur and acetabulum with metal components. The acetabulum is plastic coated to avoid metal-to-metal articulating surfaces

91
Q

Anteroposterior

A

concerned with or extending along a direction or axis from front (anterior) to back (posterior)

92
Q

Bilateral

A

on both sides; pertaining to or relating to both sides; having two sides

93
Q

Degenerative

A

of, relating to, involving, or causing degeneration - actual chemical change of a tissue itself

94
Q

Hypertrophic

A

of, relating to, marked by hypertrophy - enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to increase in size of the constituent cells

95
Q

Intervertebral

A

between two vertebrae

96
Q

Laminectomies

A

more than one surgical procedure in which the posterior arch of a vertebra is removed

97
Q

Lateral views

A

side views of the body or any part of the body

98
Q

Lumbar

A

the part of the spine comprised of 5 vertebral bodies that extend from the lower thoracic spine to the sacrum

99
Q

Lumbosacral

A

of, relating to, or referring to the lumbar and sacral regions of the spine

100
Q

Sacroiliac

A

referring to both the sacrum and the ilium

101
Q

Sacrum

A

the large heavy bone at the base of the spine which is made up of 5 fused sacral vertebrae

102
Q

Acromial

A

of, or relating to the acromion - outer end of the spine of the scapula which articulates with the clavicle

103
Q

Acromioclavicular

A

relating to, being, or affecting the join connecting the acromion and the clavicle

104
Q

Biceps

A

a muscle that has two heaps or origins; such as the biceps brachii or the biceps femoris

105
Q

Bursectomy

A

surgical excision of a bursa (as of the hip or shoulder)

106
Q

Calcification

A

abnormal deposition of calcium salts within soft tissue often causing thickening or hardening

107
Q

Glenohumeral

A

of, relating to, or connecting the glenoid cavity and the humerus

108
Q

Glenoid

A

having the form of a smooth, shallow depression - used chiefly of skeletal articulatory sockets

109
Q

Gouty

A

of, or relating to gout - an acute form of arthrits

110
Q

Intra-articular

A

situated within, occurring within, or administered by entry into a joint

111
Q

Labra (singular, labrum)

A

lips, edges, or brims of a bone

112
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

a form of arthritis caused by the inflammation, breakdown, and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints

113
Q

Osteophyte

A

a bone spur - smooth structure that forms on the spine over a long period of time

114
Q

Spur

A

a bony projection that forms on bone edges or around joints

115
Q

Subacromial

A

referring to something that is below, or inferior to, the acromion

116
Q

Tuberosity

A

a rounded prominence especially: a large prominence on a bone, usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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