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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 - Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that normally are separate from each other.

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3
Q

Inflammation

A

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection or allergy

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4
Q

Sepsis

A

body’s inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure

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5
Q

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

A

radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays, which rotates in a full arc around the patient to image the body in a cross-sectional slices.

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6
Q

Endoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

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7
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

radiographic procedure that directs x-rays through the body to a fluorescent screen to view the motion of organs

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8
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

radiographic technique that uses electromagenetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

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9
Q

Nuclear Scan

A

diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the conc. of a radiopharmaceutical which is introduced by ingestion, inhalation, or injection, and is specifically drawn to the area under study

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10
Q

Position Emission Tomography

A

radiographic technique that combines CT with the use of radiopharmaceuticals. PET produces a cross-sectional image of the disbursement of radioactivity in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized

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11
Q

Radiography

A

Production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.

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12
Q

Radiopharmaceutical

A

a drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

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13
Q

Scan

A

technique for carefully studying an area, organ, or system of the body by recording and displaying an image of the area.

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14
Q

Single-photon emission computed tomography

A

type of nuclear imaging study to scan organs after injection of a radioactive tracer. It is similar to PET scans, but employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a 3D image from a composite of numerous views.

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15
Q

Tomography

A

radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth

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16
Q

Ultrasonography

A

imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves that bounce off of body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or structure

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17
Q

Anastomosis

A

connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

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18
Q

Cauterize

A

Process of burning tissue by thermal heat, including steam, electricity, or another agent, such as a laser or dry ice.

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19
Q

Chondroma

A

tumor composed of cartilage

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20
Q

Cytometer

A

instrument for counting and measuring cells within a specified amount of fluid such as blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid

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21
Q

Histolysis

A

separation, destruction, or loosening of tissue

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22
Q

Nuclear

A

pertaining to a cellular, atomic, or anatomical nucleus

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23
Q

Anterior

A

toward the front of the body, organ or structure

24
Q

Caudad

A

toward the tail; in a posterior direction

25
Q

Distal

A

pertaining to a point farthest from the center, a medial line or the trunk; opposed to proximal

26
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back or posterior of the body

27
Q

Inferior

A

toward the undersurface of a structure; underneath; beneath

28
Q

Lateral

A

pertaining to the side

29
Q

Supermedial

A

above the middle of any part

30
Q

Posterior

A

pertaining to or toward the rear or caudal end

31
Q

Proximal

A

nearest the point of attachment, center of the body, or point of reference

32
Q

Ventral

A

pertaining to the belly side or front of the body

33
Q

Mediad

A

toward the middle or center

34
Q

Histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissue

35
Q

Cytology

A

study of cells

36
Q

Cytolysis

A

destruction or dissolution or separation of a cell

37
Q

Cytotoxic

A

substances that are detrimental or destructive to cells

38
Q

Anatomic Position

A

when a person is standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, with the legs parallel and the feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward, he or she is in the standing position

39
Q

Abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

40
Q

Cephalad

A

toward the head

41
Q

Cervical

A

pertaining to the neck of the body of the neck of the uterus

42
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium or skull

43
Q

Gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

44
Q

Iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium

45
Q

Inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin

46
Q

Lumbar

A

pertaining to the loin area or lower back

47
Q

Pelvic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

48
Q

Spinal

A

pertaining to the spine or spinal column

49
Q

Thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

50
Q

Periumbilical

A

pertaining to the area around the umbilicus

51
Q

Body Plane

A

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

52
Q

Radiology

A

study of radiation or x-rays

53
Q

2 dorsal body cavities

A

cranial and spinal

54
Q

2 ventral body cavities

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

55
Q

Hypochondriac

A

beneath the ribs

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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