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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 - Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Special Senses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blepharospasm

A

involuntary contraction of eyelid muscles; due to eye strain or nervous irritability

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2
Q

Choroidopathy

A

noninflammatory degeneration of the choroid - a thin, highly vascular layer of the eye between the retina and sclera

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3
Q

Corneitis

A

inflammation of the cornea; also called keratitis

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4
Q

Anisocoria

A

inequality of the size of the pupils; may be congenital or associated with a neurological injury or disease

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5
Q

Coreometer

A

instrument for measuring the pupil

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6
Q

Dacryorrhea

A

excessive secretion of tears

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7
Q

Lacrimation

A

secretion and discharge of tears

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8
Q

Diplopia

A

two images of an object seen at the same time; double-vision

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9
Q

Iridoplegia

A

paralysis of the sphincter of the iris

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10
Q

Keratoplasty

A

replacement of a cloudy cornea with a transparent one, typically derived from an organ donor; corneal grafting

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11
Q

Intraocular

A

within the eyeball

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12
Q

Ophtalmoscope

A

instrument used for examining the interior of the eye especially the retina

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13
Q

Optic

A

pertaining to the eye or to sight

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14
Q

Retinopathy

A

any disease of the retina

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15
Q

Scleritis

A

Superficial and deep inflammation of the sclera

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16
Q

Amblyopia

A

reduction or dimness of vision with no apparent pathological condition

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17
Q

Heteropsia

A

inequality of vision in the two eyes

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18
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the upper eyelid

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19
Q

Dacryadenitis

A

inflammation of a tear gland

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20
Q

Acoustic

A

pertaining to sound or the sense of hearing

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21
Q

Audiometer

A

an instrument for testing hearing

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22
Q

Tympanoplasy

A

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane

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23
Q

Otorrhea

A

inflammation of the ear with purulent discharge

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24
Q

Salpingopharyngeal

A

concerning the Eustachian tube and the pharynx

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25
Q

Anacusis

A

total deafness; complete hearing loss

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26
Q

Hypertropia

A

an ocular deviation with one eye located higher than the other

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27
Q

Achromatopsia

A

condition of color blindness that is more common in men

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28
Q

Astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea and lens, which causes light rays to focus unevenly over the retina rather than being focused on a single point, resulting in a distorted image

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29
Q

Cataract

A

opacity (cloudiness) of the lens as a result of protein deposits on its surface that slowly build up until vision is lost

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30
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by bacteria, allergy, irritation, or a foreign body; also called pinkeye

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31
Q

Diabetic Retinoplasty

A

retinal damage marked by aneurismal dilation of blood vessels

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32
Q

Esotropia

A

strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye toward that of the other eye resulting in diplopia; also called cross-eye and convergent strabismus

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33
Q

Exotropia

A

strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia; also called wall-eye and divergent strabismus

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34
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure caused by the failure of the aqueous humor to drain, which results in atrophy of the optic nerve and eventually may lead to blindness

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35
Q

Hordeolum

A

small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called sty

36
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

breakdown of the tissues in the macula resulting in loss of central vision

37
Q

Photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light; occurs in diseases such as meningitis, inflammation of the eyes, measles, and rubella

38
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired

39
Q

Strabismus

A

muscular eye disorder in which the eyes turn from the normal position so that thy deviate in different directions

40
Q

Acoustic Neuroma

A

benign tumor that develops from the eight cranial (vestbulocochlear) nerve and grows within the auditory canal

41
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

hearing loss due to an impairment in the transmission of the sound because of an obstruction of the ear canal or damage to the eardrum or ossicles

42
Q

Meniere Disease

A

rare disorder of unknown etiology within the labyrinth of the inner ear that can lead to a progressive loss of hearing

43
Q

Otitis media

A

middle ear infection, usually a result of bacterial infection

44
Q

Otosclerosis

A

progressive deafness due to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

45
Q

Presbycusis

A

impairment of hearing resulting from the aging process

46
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

47
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of moving around in space; a feeling of spinning or dizziness, usually results from inner ear structure damage associated with balance and equilibrium

48
Q

Tonometry

A

measuring of intraocular pressure by determining the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force; used to detect glaucoma

49
Q

Visual Acuity Test

A

standard test of visual acuity in which a person is asked to read letters and numbers on a chart 20 feet away with the use of the Snellen char; also called an E. chart

50
Q

Erythropia

A

a condition in which objects that are not red appear to be red

51
Q

Xanthopia

A

a condition in which objects that are not yellow appear to be yellow

52
Q

Emmetropia

A

An eye with no visual defects; normal vision

53
Q

Audiometry

A

test that measures hearing acuity of various sound frequencies using an audiometer which delivers acoustic stimuli at different frequencies and the results are plotted on a graph called an audiogram

54
Q

Otoscopy

A

visual examination of the ear, especially the eardrum, using an otoscope

55
Q

Rinne Test

A

hearing acuity test that is performed with a vibrating tuning fork placed on the mastoid process, then in from of the external auditory canal to test bone and air conduction. Is useful for differentiating between conduction and sensonueral hearing loss

56
Q

Cataract surgery

A

excision of cataracts by surgical removal of the lens. To correct the visual deficit when the eye is without a lens (aphakic), the insertion of an artificial lens (intraocular lens transplant) or the use of eyeglasses or contact lenses is needed.

57
Q

Corneal transplant

A

surgical transplantation of a donor cornea (from cadaver) into the eye of a recipient; also called keratoplasty

58
Q

Extracapsular surgery

A

excision of most of the lens, followed by insertion of an intraocular lens transplant

59
Q

Iridectomy

A

excision of a portion of the iris; usually in performed to create an opening through which aqueous humor can drain; used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

60
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

excision of the lens by ultrasonic vibrations that break the lens into tiny particles which are suctioned out of the eye

61
Q

Cochlear implant

A

electronic transmitter that is surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf individual; performed to restore hearing loss

62
Q

Myringoplasty

A

surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft, in order to correct hearing loss. Also called tympanoplasty

63
Q

Myringotomy

A

incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure and release pus or serous fluid from the middle of the ear or to insert tympanostomy tubes surgically in the eardrum; provide ventilation and drainage of the middle ear, used when persistent severely negative middle ear pressure is present and/or recurring ear infections.

64
Q

Akinesia

A

loss or impairment of the power of voluntary movement (as of a muscle)

65
Q

Anesthesia

A

temporary insensitivity to pain induced by the administration of gases or the injection of drugs before a surgical procedure

66
Q

Anteriorly

A

related to or situated near or toward the front of the body

67
Q

Cannula

A

a hollow tube with a sharp, retractable inner core that can be inserted into a vein, artery or other body cavity

68
Q

Conjunctival

A

pertaining to the conjunctiva - clear, moist membrane that covers the inner surfaces of the eyelid and front of the eyeball

69
Q

Hemorrhage

A

a copious or heavy discharge of blood from the blood vessels

70
Q

Limbus

A

the border or margin of a structure, especially the junction of the cornea and sclera in the eye

71
Q

MVR

A

microvitreoretinal

72
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

a disorder o f they eye in which the retina separates from the layer underneath

73
Q

Retinitis

A

inflammation of the retina

74
Q

Retrobulbar

A

situated, occurring, or administered behind the eyeball

75
Q

Sclerotomy

A

surgical cutting of the sclera

76
Q

Vitrectomy

A

the surgical operation of removing the vitreous humor from the eyeball

77
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

abnormal, noncancerous skin growth that can develop in the middle section of the ear

78
Q

General Anesthesia

A

anesthesia which affects the whole body and usually induces a loss of consciousness

79
Q

Mucoserous

A

pertaining to an exudate or secretion that consists of both mucus and serum or a watery component

80
Q

Otitis Media

A

inflammation of the middle ear, characterized by accumulation of infected fluid in the middle ear, bulging of the eardrum, pain in the ear and if eardrum is perforated, pus in the ear canal

81
Q

Postoperatively

A

relating to , occurring in, or being the period following a surgical operation

82
Q

Tympanoplasty

A

surgical operation performed for the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

83
Q

Diagnosis

A

is a process of determining the cause and nature of a pathological condition

84
Q

Mastoid surgery

A

is an operation on the mastoid process of the temporal bone

85
Q

Chronic

A

means of long duration; designating a disease showing little change or of slow progression

86
Q

Labyrinth

A

is a system of intercommunicating canals, especially of the inner ear

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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